Hormones
What is the difference between steroid vs nonsteroid hormones?
nonsteroid=not lipid soluble
steroid=lipid soluble
What is the EPOC? What can increase its activity/production?
elevation of metabolism post exercise
How many chambers does the heart have? Name them all.
4, RA, RV, LA, LV
How do you calculate Q?
What is ventilation?
Refers to the mechanical process of moving air into and out of lungs
What is the function of the HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary axis)?
Links nervous and endocrine systems
What is the O2 deficit?
The period at the onset of exercise when the body's oxygen demand exceeds the rate of oxygen uptake, resulting in a greater reliance on anaerobic energy pathways until steady-state oxygen consumption is achieved.
What is responsible for making the heart contract?
SA node
What is SV? What impacts stroke volume?
Amount of blood ejected every beat, EDV, ESV, Venous return, PL/AF/Cont.
If atmospheric air=760 and air in the lungs is 750, are we inhaling or exhaling?
Inhaling
The adrenal glands release what major hormones?
Epi/norepi/cortisol
Based on this oxidation of 1 glucose molecule what is this individuals RER?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ® 8 CO2 + 6 H2O + 32 ATP
RER=1.33
Name the 3 central factors to Q?
Preload
Afterload
Contractility
Describe the frank-starling law of the heart?
Greater stretch at end of diastole, means greater filling, recoil, force, and greater force of contraction
Name 2 factors that can effect diffusion rate?
ChngPressure, Sol, MW, DD, SA
What is the function of the RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)?
Maintain blood pressure, prevents fluid loss
Bonus: draw it on the board
The point where blood lactate levels increase above resting values (where exercise becomes hard)
Describe each phase of the cardiac cycle.
Passive filling during ventricular/atrial diastole
Atrial kick
IVC
Ventricular ejection
IVR
Whichever team answers this question, must draw the wiggers diagram on the board.
What factors can impact a rightward shift in the oxyhemoglobin diss curve?
Increased Temp
Decrease pH
Increase PCO2
Increase DPG
Part one: what is the function of glucagon? Insulin?
Part 2: What happens to glucagon production during exercise? Conversely what happens to insulin during exercise
Part 1: Glucagon increases glucose into muscle, Insulin lowers BG
Part 2: Glucagon increases, Insulin decreasesWhat causes fatigue?
•↓rate energy delivery
•Failure of ATP-PCr, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation
•↑metabolic by-products (H+, La-)
•Muscle fiber contractile failure
•Neuromuscular control failure
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
Whichever team answers but draw the process of blood flow through the heart.
Name the 2 peripheral contributors to Q?
MAP and Resistance (TPR)
A rightward shift in the oxyhemoglobin diss. curve favors what? Leftward shift?
R=Unloading
L=Loading