Origin of life + Microscopes
This is the term for life arising from inanimate objects
What is spontaneous generation
This is the name for when a final product in a metabolic pathway comes and noncompetitively inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway, effectively shutting down the pathway
What is: feedback inhibition
This is a type of molecule in the cell membrane that acts as a recognition site for other cells
What is glycoproteins/glycolipids
This is the difference between active and passive transport
What is: active requires outside energy while passive doesn't
This is the name for the part of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
These are the two main theories on the origin of life
What is life originated from outside earth (evidence coming from meteorites) and life arose through chemical evolution
A protein is made and needs to be secreted from the cell. It will be synthesized from a ribosome on the ____, then it will be shipped to the ______. Finally, that organelle will ship it to its final destination.
What is: Rough ER; Golgi Apparatus
These are 4 different molecules you can find in a cell membrane
What is: phospholipids, membrane peripheral proteins, integral membrane proteins, glycolipids, glycoproteins, cholesterol, other sterols
Cell A is placed in a hypertonic solution. Cell B is placed in a hypotonic solution. This is the direction water will move in both cells (aka is water going to flood into the cell or is water going to leave the cell?)
What is water will leave cell A and water will flood into cell B
This is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors
What is competitive inhibitors bind to the active site while non-competitive inhibitors bind to a different site
This is what the Miller and Urey experiment proved
What is:
the chemical building blocks of life could've been formed from Earth's early atmospheric conditions
This is the difference between reversible and irreversible enzyme inhibitors
This is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane
What is: maintains the integrity and fluidity of the membrane
You place an animal cell in an unknown solution and notice that the animal cell begins to swell up and eventually lyses. Is your unknown solution an isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic solution?
Hypotonic
This is the first law of thermodynamics
What is: energy is neither created nor destroyed
This structure preceded the first cells: it consists of a phospholipid bilayer that separates its internal environment from the outside environment; it also can self-replicate and can allow certain molecules to pass through the membrane
What is a protocell
These are 3 differences between light microscopes and electron microscopes
What is:
Light uses a light source while electron uses an electron beam; light is cheaper than electron; light can magnify up to 1000x while electron can magnify up to 100,000x; light can see living cells while electrons can't
These are the two organelles that help provide evidence for the endosymbiosis theory
These are 3 types of endocytosis and their definitions
What is: phagocytosis is cell eating, pinocytosis is cell drinking, receptor-mediated endocytosis is intaking molecules based on a signal or receptor
The sodium-potassium pump transports sodium and potassium against their concentration gradients. This is the answer to the following questions: what type of transport is this an example of? Does this type of transport require energy?
What is: active transport; yes
This is the answer to the following question:
A polypeptide chain is broken down into its single amino acids. Is this reaction catabolic or anabolic? Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic? Is energy required or released from the reaction? Is delta G positive or negative?
What is: catabolic; exergonic; energy is released; negative
These are three conditions in which the first polymers may have been synthesized
What are solid mineral surfaces, hydrothermal vents, and hot pools at ocean edges
These are the three parts of the chloroplast, the two parts of the mitochondria, and the 2 regions of the Golgi apparatus
What is: Grana, thylakoid, and stoma; cristae and mitochondrial matrix; cis and trans region
These are the three types of animal cell junctions, as well as the name of the channel that can connect two adjacent plant cells
What is:
- tight junctions: used for the directional flow of materials
- desmosomes: used for strong adhesion between cells
- gap junctions: used for communication between cells
- plasmodesmata is the name of the channel
These are the 3 types of proteins that assist with facilitated diffusion
What are ion channels, aquaporins and carrier proteins
These are 2 different ways enzymes can manipulate a substrate to lower the activation energy
What is: enzymes can stretch bonds in substrate molecules; enzymes can orient substrate molecules and bring them together; enzymes can temporarily add chemical groups to substrates