Nucleic Acids
What is the subunit difference between RNA and DNA?
RNA has Uracil and DNA has Thymine
What is the subunit of Carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What are 3 types of lipids?
Fats, Phospholipids, and steroids
Define diffusion.
What organelles are found exclusively in plants?
Cell wall and chloroplast
Who are Watson, Crick and Franklin?
Discovered the double helix structure of DNA
What functional groups are characteristic of monosaccharides?
Carbonyl group and hydroxyl group
What is the difference between saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids have single bonds between carbon and tend to be solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond and tend to be liquid at room temperature.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
Active transport uses energy to move molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. Passive transport does not use energy and follows the flow of a concentration gradient to move molecules across a cell membrane.
What are 3 examples of eukaryotic organisms?
Animals, plants, and fungi
Why do we say that complementary strands of DNA run antiparallel?
Because one strand runs 5' to 3' and the other runs 3' to 5'
Name 3 structural polysaccharides
Cellulose, Chitin, and Peptidoglycan
Draw and label a phospholipid
.
What type of molecules can diffuse directly through a phospholipid bilayer?
Small uncharged molecules.
What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles and nucleus. Prokaryotes do not.
What is the name of the bond that links polymers of nucleotides?
Phosphodiester Bond
What arrangement of glucose subunits are easily hydrolyzed
Alpha arrangement
What is the function of phospholipids?
What would happen to a cell if it was put into hypotonic solution, hypertonic solution and isotonic solution?
Hypotonic: Swell
Hypertonic: Shrink
Isotonic: Remain the same.
What is the function of lysosomes.
breakdown/digestion of macromolecules and responses against foreign substances.
What makes up a nucleotide?
A 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base.
Under what conditions do monosaccharides tend to form rings?
Aqueous Conditions
Draw the basic structure of a steroid.
.
Why is the phospholipid bilayer important in transportation?
The bilayer is the semi-permeable membrane that regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the cell. This is how the concentration gradient is maintained.
What is the importance of kinesin and microtubules?
They assist in the transport of molecules in the cell.