Consciousness
These daily biological cycles help regulate when we sleep and wake.
What are circadian rhythms?
Learning through associations between two stimuli is called this.
What is classical conditioning?
Reinforcing progressively closer attempts toward a desired behavior is called this.
What is shaping?
Bringing previously stored information back into awareness is called this.
What is retrieval?
A typical or “best” example of a category is called this.
What is a prototype?
This sleep disorder causes sudden, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during normal activities.
What is narcolepsy?
Learning through the consequences of behavior is called this.
What is operant conditioning?
A coffee shop gives you a free drink after every 10 drinks you purchase. What reinforcement schedule is this?
What is a fixed-ratio schedule?
Short-term memory traditionally holds approximately this many items or chunks.
What is seven?
Suddenly realizing the solution to a problem without consciously working through every step is called th
What is insight?
Freud used this term for the hidden or disguised meaning of a dream.
What is latent content?
A dog is conditioned to salivate when it hears one particular bell. Eventually, it also salivates when it hears similar bells.
What is stimulus generalization?
Reinforcement becomes available after unpredictable amounts of time. What reinforcement schedule is this?
What is a variable-interval schedule?
You vividly remember exactly where you were when you heard emotionally significant news. What type of memory is this?
What is a flashbulb memory?
You try several different solutions to a problem until one finally works. What problem-solving strategy are you using
What is trial and error?
A person practices focused attention while repeatedly saying the same word or sound. What altered state practice are they using?
What is meditation?
A child initially fears several similar sounds but eventually learns to fear only one specific sound.
What is stimulus discrimination?
A child watches an older sibling tie their shoes and then learns to do the same thing.
What is observational learning?
After an accident, Jordan remembers childhood but cannot form new lasting memories. What type of amnesia is this?
What is anterograde amnesia?
After seeing several news stories about plane crashes, someone decides flying must be extremely dangerous because examples of crashes easily come to mind.
What is the availability heuristic?
A hypnotized person is asked to confess to something they did not do. According to the study guide, why shouldn't we assume the confession will be truthful?
What is hypnosis cannot reliably force truth or make someone act against their will?
After conditioning, a bell is repeatedly presented without food until the dog stops salivating to the bell. What has occurred?
What is extinction?
You've never been rewarded for learning the layout of your college campus, but when someone asks for directions, you realize you know exactly how to get there.
What is latent learning?
After an accident, Jordan can form new memories but cannot remember events that happened shortly before the accident.
What is retrograde amnesia
Put these stages of language development in the correct order: overgeneralization, babbling, telegraphic speech, first words.
What is babbling → first words → telegraphic speech → overgeneralization?