Learning
Acquiring, through experience, new and relatively enduring information or behaviors
What is learning?
Spoken, written, or signed words, and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning
What is language?
A newer understanding of short-term memory
What is working memory?
The difference between sensory and short-term memory
What is the very brief recording of sensory information vs. your limited-capacity working memory?
The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
What is cognition?
Type of conditioning that involved reinforcement and punishment
What is operant conditioning?
A reward presented after a behavior that strengthens the response it follows
What is positive reinforcement?
Chunking is an example of this
What is a mnemonic?
The relatively permanent and limitless archive of the memory system
What is long-term memory?
The best example of a category that helps us form concepts
What is prototype?
Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others
What is observational / social learning?
The order of information-processing model of memory
What is encoding, storage, and retrieval?
A time-out that involves removing the children from their reinforcing surroundings is an example of
What is negative punishment (penalty)?
Type of amnesia H.M. had which stopped him from forming new memories
What is anterograde amnesia?
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Type of behavior(s) children who witnessed adults acting aggressive with Bobo the clown imitated
What is aggressive behavior? (Modeled and non-modeled aggression)
Those who are socially aware and know how to understand their own and other people's feelings have a high amount of this
What is emotional intelligence?
Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence
What is the availability heuristic?
Memories that are classically conditioned associations or learned skills that are automatically processed
What are implicit memories?
Types of intelligence test: Aptitude and achievement test measure...
Aptitude: ability to learn
Achievement: learned knowledge
Explain how Pavlov classically conditioned his dogs.
Include the NS, US, UR, CS and CR.
NS - Sound of a bell
US - Food -> UR - Salivation
NS (Bell) + US (Food) -> UR (Salivation)
CS (Bell) -> CR (Salivation)
Little Albert demonstrated how classical conditions plays in a role in the development of this
What are phobias?
In a situation in which an interviewer is asking an interviewee to recall specific details of an event, something that could alter the interviewee’s recollections
The wording of the question, the misinformation effect, the imagination effect... Memories are inexact
The two types of explicit memories
What are episodic and semantic memories?
The difference between fluid and crystalized intelligence
*BONUS if you can identify aging effects*
What is the speed (fluid) and accumulation of knowledge(crystalized)?
Fluid decrease with age
Crystalized increases with age