Carbs/Lipids
Cholesterol is a precursor to which of the following hormones?
A. Estrogen
B. Insulin
C. Steroids
D. Glucagon
A. Estrogen
Actin and myosin that are involved in muscle contraction are examples of what type of protein?
Receptor Proteins
Wha are the three parts of the cell theory?
1. All living things are made up of cells
2. All cells exist from pre-existing cells
3. Cells are the fundamental unit of life
Channels that perforate plant cell walls, allowing passage of water and small solutes from cell to cell
Plasmodesmata
What is the endomembrane system? List all of its components.
A system of within a eukaryotic cell that regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions
-Nuclear Envelope
-E.R.
-Golgi Apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Vacuoles
-Plasma membrane
All of the following are true of monosaccharides except:
A. It will have a 1:2:1 ratio
B. Can be classified by the location of the carbonyl group
C. Two carbohydrate units
D. Vary from 3-7 carbon atoms
C. Two carbohydrate units
The 5' end of the 5-carbon sugar will contain:
A. Nothing
B. A free hydroxyl group
C. A free phosphate group
D. A free hydroxide
C. A free phosphate group
All of the following are true of the smooth E.R. except:
A. Metabolizes and stores glycogen
B. Toxin and poison breakdown
C. Synthesizes proteins
D. An internal storage site for ions
C. Synthesizes proteins
Which of the following is true of the microfilaments?
A. Largest cytoskeletal element
B. Tough, woven cables of proteins
C. It is made up of keratin
D. It has dynamic instability
D. It has dynamic instability
A dysfunctional mitochondria will result in insufficient ATP production. Lysosomes will perform all of the following except:
A. It will release hydrolytic enzymes to break down/recycle the mitochondria
B. It will digest the mitochondria through phagocytosis
C. It will remain inactive until it fuses with the mitochondria
D. All of the above will occur
B. It will digest the mitochondria through phagocytosis
All of the following are true of combining
GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE except:
A. they are held by glycosidic linkage
B. they will form sucrose
C. They will use dehydration reaction
D. They will use hydrolysis
D. They will use hydrolysis
John ate 5 bags of skittles. All of the following will occur except:
A. The pancreas will release insulin
B. His blood sugar levels will increase
C. Glucose is converted into glycogen
D. Glycogen is broken down into glucose
D. Glycogen is broken down into glucose
Name 4 pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory.
-Circular DNA molecules
-Contain free ribosomes with similar subunit
-Enveloped by a double membrane
-Grow and reproduce somewhat independently in cells
The heart contains _________ junctions that allow exchange of ions and molecules between adjacent cells.
Gap Junctions
Breaking down of fatty acids through beta-oxidation will result in a toxic compound H2O2. Which organelle is responsible for breaking down H2O2 to H2O in eukaryotic cells?
PEROXISOMES
T/F: Steroids is the only lipid that has four fused rings
TRUE
What factors affect the denaturation of a protein?
SALT CONCENTRATION
PH
TEMPERATURE
Without the nucleolus, the cell will not be able to:
A. produce ATP
B. Break down toxins
C. Digest and hydrolyze foreign invaders like bacteria
D. synthesize proteins
D. synthesize proteins
T/F: The cilia and flagella are similar in structure in that they both have 8 unfused pairs of microtubules on the outside and 2 fused pairs on the inside.
FALSE. They have 9 fused pairs of microtubules on the outside and 2 unfused pairs on the inside.
T/F: Essential fatty acids and proteins are not naturally produced by our bodies.
TRUE
Phospholipids are different from triglycerides in that:
A. Phospholipids will not contain fatty acids
B. Phospholipids will contain a glycerol molecule
C. Phospholipids will contain at least one unsaturated fat
D. Phospholipids will contain a phosphate group
Both C & D!
C. Phospholipids will contain at least one unsaturated fat
D. Phospholipids will contain a phosphate group
The secondary structure of protein are held by ________ bonds involving the __________.
hydrogen; backbone
How does the cell membrane react when temperature declines? You must include cholesterol in your answer.
-Fluidity declines
-phospholipids pack tightly
-Cholesterol functions as an antifreeze
Pemphigus vulgaris, an autoimmune disease causes blistering of the skin reducing adhesion between cells that are fastened together into strong sheets. Which junction is affected?
Desmosomes
The DNA molecules is:
A. not complimentary
B. single-stranded
C. Parallel
D. Antiparallel
D. Antiparallel