I'm Nervous (System)
Lights, Camera, Action Potential
Under Pressure
Don't go breakin' my heart
WTF (Who Thought of This?)
100
What is another name for the cell body of a neuron?
Name 3 organelles found in the cell body
Soma!
Mitochondria, SER, RER, Nucleus, etc.
100
Think of the axon of a neuron.
Where is sodium higher at rest?
Where is potassium higher?
Plot twist, where is calcium higher?
Sodium higher outside
Potassium higher inside
Calcium higher outside
100
What is the atmospheric pressure here in Des Moines?
760 mmHg
100
What structure in the heart keep the blood from moving between left and right chambers? What about from moving between the top and bottom chambers?
Septums stop left to right, valves control up and down
100
Why is physiology so fun?
Your words, not mine
200
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system? Include common names.
Parasympathetic- rest and digest
Sympathetic- fight or flight
200
What MUST be reached if we are going to generate an action potential?
Do all excitable cells have the same?
The threshold
No
200
What is one of the most important muscles for breathing at rest?
Diaphragm!
200
What portion of the electrical system is the pacemaker of the heart? What does being the pacemaker mean?
The SA node. Every single heart beat is generated by the SA node
200
Name the people in this image
Cara, Carter, Jace, Jules and H Town
300
Compare and contrast oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Give me 2 differences
Schwann cells- add myelin to one section of one neuron, found in peripheral nervous system
300
What does salatory conduction mean?
APs can be jump between nodes of ranvier and so the steps of an action potential can happen there instead of having to cover the entire surface area of the axon
300
Walk me through inspiration and expiration
Diaphragm contracts and pulls down, this makes pressure in the lungs lower than outside the body. Air moves into the lungs.
Expiration- diaphragm relaxes, moves up, increases pressure in the lungs, air is forced out of the lungs
300
Which 3 places does the SA node send electrical signal and what happens when it arrives at each location?
The SA node sends electricity to the left and right atria causing contraction of the atria. The electricity also reaches the AV node which pauses to allow the atria to contract before the ventricles.
300
What is the does oxygen bind to specifically in the blood to allow the blood to carry oxygen to our tissues?
Iron which is in hemoglobin which is on red blood cells
400
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system leads to many functions. What are four of them?
Decrease HR, decrease HR, activate digestion, promote sexual arousal, promote urination, vasodilation, vagus nerve activation etc.
400
BOARD: Write out the steps of an action potential.
look at the board please
400
Tell me the percentages of gases in inspired air
Tell me the percentages of gases in expired air
N2- ~79
O2- ~21
CO2- ~0.04
N2- ~79
O2- ~16-18
CO2- ~4
400
Which part of the conduction system is messed up with AFib? How would you treat? Why is it dangerous to be in AFib?
Typically the SA node, or the atria. Can put in a stent, nerve ablation, blood thinner, etc.
Dangerous because people can get tired but also as blood sits it has a higher propensity to clot
400
What number is Carter's office?
Elings 4a!
500
Walk me thru the steps of neurotransmitter release in the axon terminal. SPECIFICALLY
AP travels down the axon and reaching the axon terminals causing voltage-gated calcium channels to open. This leads to an influx of calcium causing the release of neurotransmitters as the vesicles containing NT's make their way to the membrane and release
500
List 4 negative health effects of eating bad puffer fish. Why does this happen specifically?
Impaired breathing, loss of muscle control, numbness, death
Neurons cannot fire because TTX blocks voltage gated sodium channels
500
Which gas is most responsible for altering our breathing rate? Where are receptors to detect the levels of this gas found. 3 locations please
CO2!
Found in aorta, carotid bodies, and in the medulla of the brain
500
What is specifically happening during the 3 main parts of an EKG and what are the 3 main parts? How do these parts of an EKG relate to movement of blood?
P wave- atrial contraction (depolarization), send blood from atria to ventricles
QRS complex- ventricular contraction (depolarization), send blood up and out of the heart to the lungs and body
T wave- ventricular repolarization
500
Claude Bernard is to physiology like Charles Darwin is to evolutionary biology. Bernard is best known for identifying the concept of "le milieu interieur." What do you think this means? Literally and generally speaking
The internal milieu
How the mammalian body maintains a near constant inner state of equilibrium despite living in a dynamic external environment. Homeostasis!