CH. 5
Which stage(s) require products from the light reactions to proceed?
Reduction
What happens to the cell if oxygen is not available in the ETC?
no ATP produced – cells die
What components are removed during mRNA processing?
introns
DNA is organized at many levels. DNA that is wrapped around histone proteins are called?
chromatin
What do we call a tumor that is maintained or not harmful in effect?
benign
In the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) of the light reaction, protons/H+ go from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Is this a form of passive or active transport?
Active
For every glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, how many citric acid cycles must take place.
two
Is the X chromosome homologous to the Y chromosome?
No
What stage of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes lining up at the middle?
Metaphase
Is photosynthesis an anabolic or catabolic reaction?
Anabolic
What enzyme catalyzes the reaction that happens in carbon fixation?
Rubisco
The only process in cellular respiration that does not produce ATP
Pyruvate Oxidation
DNA replication uses the enzyme ___ _______ while transcription uses ___ _________.
DNA polymerase; RNA polymerase
What stage of mitosis is characterized by the sister chromatids being pulled apart by the mitotic spindle?
Anaphase
What is controlled cell death called
apoptosis
C4 photosynthesis splits photosynthesis between two locations: light reactions in the ____ cells, Calvin cycle in the ______ cells.
mesophyll; bundle sheath
When NAD+ gains electrons and becomes NADH, is it getting oxidized or reduced?
reduced
Why is it useful that the genetic code is redundant?
Protect against point mutations, transcription errors
Compare and contrast cytokinesis in an animal cell versus a plant cell.
Animal cells form a cleavage furrow while plant cells form a cell plate.
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle (aka CAC or Krebs cycle) take place in the cell?
mitochondrial matrix
CAM photosynthesis is only advantageous in what type of climate?
desert climates, where water loss is a major concern
What is an output of fermentation that can build up in human?
lactic acid
What happens when a virus goes down the lytic pathway?
Virus enters bacterium, replicates, causes host cell to burst releasing new viruses
What stage of mitosis is characterized by the re-formation of the nuclear membrane?
Telophase
What proteins are involved in DNA replication and what are their specific functions?
1. Enzymes called helicases unwind the DNA.
2. DNA polymerases synthesize new DNA strands.
3. Ligases join short strands into long strands.