Osmosis & Cells
1. A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:
B — Lose water and shrink
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
During which phase do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
A red blood cell is placed in distilled water. What will happen and why?
Cell swells and may burst (hypotonic)
2. What term describes the pressure that keeps plant cells firm?
Turgor pressure
Which base pairs with guanine?
Cytosine
What happens during anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Why would drinking seawater make dehydration worse?
Hypertonic → pulls water out of cells
What happens to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution?
A plant cell gains water and becomes turgid (firm); it does not burst because of the cell wall.
What is the shape of DNA called?
Double helix
How many cells result after 3 rounds of mitosis starting from one cell?
8
If DNA replication did not occur before mitosis, what would happen to daughter cells?
Cells would have incomplete DNA
Define plasmolysis.
Plasmolysis is when a cell loses water and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall.
What is the role of detergent in DNA extraction?
Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?
Detergent breaks down cell and nuclear membranes to release DNA.
Nucleus
Are daughter cells genetically identical? Why?
What is the function of the centromere?
Yes. Daughter cells are genetically identical because DNA is replicated and evenly divided.
Holds chromatids together
Explain how DNA, genes, and chromosomes are related.
DNA makes up genes; genes are segments of DNA; DNA forms chromosomes
Which solution is isotonic in the potato lab?
Why does salt preserve food?
0.9% NaCl
Salt creates a hypertonic environment, causing microbes to lose water and stop growing.
Why is ethanol added during DNA extraction?
If one DNA strand is CGTTA, what is the complementary strand?
To precipitate DNA
GCAAT
Why don’t plant cells form a cleavage furrow?
What structure forms instead during plant cytokinesis?
Because plant cells have a rigid cell wall, preventing the membrane from pinching inward.
Cell plate