Ch 33
This is the sister group to all animals.
This group is named after their jointed leg.
What is an arthropod?
This maintains the balance of ions around a neuron's membrane.
This type of skeleton allows for growth and repair without molting.
What is an endoskeleton?
This type of feedback loop is responsible for controlling homeostasis.
What is a negative feedback loop?
This organism expends energy to maintain an internal temperature.
What is an endotherm?
Name 2 of the 5 synapomorphies of chordates.
Notochord (backbone), dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, myotomes, tail
This type of receptor responds to force/pressure and depolarizes neurons in response.
This is a type of contraction that occurs when twitch contractions arrive so quickly that force produced plateaus.
What is tetanus?
This type of hormone targets other endocrine glands or organs to cause them to release more hormone.
What is a tropic hormone?
This provides cushion during twisting for animals and is lined by mesoderm.
What is a coelom?
This helped animals break all ties with their aquatic ancestors.
What is the amniotic egg?
This occurs in an action potential when sodium channels open and sodium moves across the neuron membrane.
What is depolarization?
This type of muscle is involved in autonomic processes like peristalsis.
What is smooth muscle?
This type of receptor is needed for a polar hormone.
What is a transmembrane receptor?
What would you find in all members of bilatera, besides symmery?
What is cephalization?
These two monophyletic groups make up bilatera.
What is protostome and deuterostome?
During synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters released trigger a change in this membrane potential.
What is the post-synaptic membrane, or the "next neuron"?
This type of muscle fiber is best for a long workout, like a marathon or long-distance bike ride.
What is red muscle fiber?
This type of hormone can evolve rapidly due to its structure.
What is a peptide hormone (or polar hormone)?
Which of the following would MOST LIKELY have spiral cleavage during development?
Mussel OR pig OR shark OR snake
What is a mussel?
This group is defined by molecular data, and makes up part of the Protostome group.
What is lophotrochozoa?
Describe the steps of an action potential.
The axon hillock must receive enough signal to reach threshold value. Then sodium channels open and cell becomes positive rapidly. Sodium channels close at the peak and it becomes more negative. Undershoot.
Describe the steps of muscle contraction starting with an action potential and ending with the sliding filament model.
1. Action potential causes Ach release from motor nerve
2. Depolarizes muscle cell and causes Sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium
3. Calcium binds troponin which pulls tropomyosin out of the way
4. Myosin binds to actin
Name 5 of the 6 hormones released from the anterior pituitary.
ACTH, FSH/LH, GH, Prolactin, TSH