Cell Respiration
Organisms that harvest energy by consuming organic molecules (e.g., sugars) are known as...
Heterotrophs
What are the products of photosynthesis (hint: reactants for cell respiration)
Glucose + oxygen
In a DNA molecule, adenine will always bond with _______.
Thymine
What is the role of helicase?
Unzips DNA double helix
During transcription, adenine on a DNA strand will always pair with ________ on an RNA strand.
Uracil
What is the third step of cell respiration?
Citric acid cycle
Two photosynthetic pigments that absorb light energy are caratenoids and _________.
Chlorophyll
In a single DNA strand, two nucleotides form what type of bond?
Phosphodiester
What are the three stages of DNA replication?
Initiation, elongation, and termination
In what direction does the ribosome move along the mRNA during translation?
5' to 3'
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
The two stages of photosynthesis are light-dependent reaction and ______________.
Carbon fixation
Name the three components of a nucleotide.
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base
Because each daughter DNA molecule contains one new strand and one parent strand, DNA replication is a _______________ process.
Semiconservative
Name the two components of a ribosome
Small subunit, large subunit
Name the two molecules that function as electron carriers during respiration.
NAD+ (reduced = NADH), FAD (reduced = FADH2)
During the light-dependent reaction, sunlight energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules located in a ___________.
Photosystem
Cytosine, thymine, and uracil fall into which category of nitrogenous bases?
Pyrimidines
The member of the replisome that prevents the double helix from reforming during initiation is _________.
Single-strand binding proteins (SSBPs)
1. Which DNA strand gets transcribed to mRNA during transcription?
2. Which DNA strand matches the mRNA?
1. Template
2. Coding
What is the role of oxygen during cell respiration?
Final electron acceptor (frees up ETC)
What is the name of the enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to help make sugars?
Rubisco
What is attached to the 5' carbon of the deoxyribose sugar?
Phosphate group
To prevent the loss of vital genetic information during DNA replication, eukaryotes have protective structures at the ends of chromosomes called ___________.
Telomeres.
1. Name the three modifications that occur during pre-mRNA splicing.
2. What are the noncoding mRNA sequences that need to be spliced?
1. poly-A tail, 5' cap, mRNA splicing
2. Introns