Muscles/Joints
What is/are the function(s) of the larynx?
1. protect lower respiratory system
2. create sound
Define phonation
voice, resulting from vocal fold vibration at the level of the larynx
Define articulation
formation of speech sounds with the articulators
Frequency (y), time (x), amplitude (darkness)
What are the sound source and power source of speech?
sound source: vocal fold vibration
power source: air exhaled from lungs
Define place, voice, and manner
Place: where sound is produced
Voice: whether or not there is vocal fold vibration
Manner: how the sound is produced
Give an example of an articulation disorder/disease involving articulation disorders
ex. dysarthria, ALS, Parkinson's disease
What are the functions of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?
Intrinsic: fine movements within the larynx
Extrinsic: move the whole larynx
What are the objective measures of voice?
Electroglottography (EGG)
Laryngoscopic
Videostroboscopy
How is the vowel quadrilateral labeled?
Tongue height, tongue advancement, lip rounding
What does the vocal tract consist of?
Pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity
Name the 3 intrinsic adductors
lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid
Explain the steps of myoelastic-aerodynamic theory
1. adduction closes glottis
2. subglottal pressure increases
3. high glottal pressure forces puff of air through vocal folds, sets the mucosal wave in motion
4. vocal folds adduct again
What is a resonator? An acoustic resonator?
Resonator: something set into forced vibration
Acoustic resonator: contains air that vibrates
How do the cricothyroid joint, thyrovocalis, and thyromuscularis work to adjust frequency?
What are the biological differences between male and female vocal folds?
Male: 17-25mm, F0 = 125Hz
Female: 13-17mm, F0 = 200Hz
Describe the source-filter theory
Speech sounds are the result of an energy source (acoustic energy from larynx) being filtered (by the vocal tract)
What is the difference between a model and a theory?
Theory: Statements made to make predictions