Misc
What is a pannus?
Vascularized tissue made up of lymphocytes, macrophages, histocytes and fibroblasts
Rickets vs Osteomalacia
BOTH- soft osteopenic bone bc of deficits in bone mineralization
Rickets- affects children
Osteomalacia- affects adults
Clinical manifestations of rickets and osteomalacia-
Outward curvature of spine (kyphosis)
Genu valgum (knock knees)
Genu varum (bowleggedness)
Pain in adults
Treatment of rickets and osteomalacia
Supplementation of
vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous
Pt has a t-score grading of -1.50, which disease are we immediately looking at?
Osteopenia
What are contractures?
tightening of tissues around a joint that prevents normal movement
Severe pyogenic infection of bone and local tissue
***Staphylococcus auerus
Osteomyelitis
What are the clinical manifestations of osteomyelitis?
Children- fever, pain at the site of bone involvement
Adults- fever, anorexia and night sweats
Treatment of osteomyelitis
Antibiotics
surgery to remove unhealthy tissue
Pt has a t-score grading of -3.00, what disease are we immediately looking at?
Osteoporosis
What are subluxations?
partial separation or displacement of joint
Heterogenous disorder in which disturbance of uric acid metabolism occurs --> deposition of uric acid crystals in joints (4 phases to this)
Gout
Clinical manifestations of gout-
4 phases!!
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia
Acute gouty arthritis
Intercritical gout
Chronic tophaceous gout
Treatment of gout
Uricosic agents and blocking uric acid production
NSAIDS and corticosteroids
What are the 5 stages of bone healing?
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage formation
Callus formation
Ossification
Consolidation and remodeling
What are the cardiac and pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis?
Cardiac- pericarditis, myocarditis and complete heart block
Pulmonary- pleuritis and pulmonary effusion
Progressive, degenerative disease that occurs from aging, wear and tear and is noninflammatory. Affects diarthroidial joints
Osteoarthritis
Clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis-
ASYMMETRICAL PAIN
Hand deformity- heberden and bouchard nodes
Localized joint pain, bony enlargement and morning stiffness
Treatment of osteoarthritis
Decreasing stress and preventing further damage is main goal
Acetaminophen
NSAIDS
Hot and cold therapy
Tendons vs ligaments
Tendons- muscle-bone attachments
Ligaments- bone-bone connections
What influences the rate of bone loss?
Age
Genetics
Estrogen
Family hx
Progressive autoimmune disease, affects synovial joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Clinical manifestations of RA
Bilateral symmetric polyarthritis
Malaise, fatigue and IgG forming complex
hands, wrists and knees!
swelling in the hands
Treatment of RA
Alleviation of pain and swelling is main goal
NSAIDS, corticosteroids
What is the Wolff Law?
in response to changes in bone stress, bone is enhanced when/where needed and resorbed when not