Structure and Function of DNA
DNA Replication
RNA and Transcription
Protein Synthesis
Mutations
100
Describe the basic shape of a DNA molecule.
Double helix ("twisted ladder")
100
What does the word "replicate" mean?
Replicate means "to copy".
100
What is the end product of transcription?
RNA
100
What is the process that turns mRNA into a protein?
Translation
100
This type of mutation replaces a nucleotide with another nucleotide.
A substitution
200
A single stranded piece of DNA has the following bases: ACTGAG. What is the matching sequence on the partner DNA strand?
TGACTC
200
During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA Replication take place?
S-phase
200
Name two differences between DNA and RNA
DNA: deoxyribose, thymine, double stranded, long, made by replication RNA: ribose, uracil, single stranded, short, made by transcription
200
What cell organelle makes protein?
Ribosomes
200
Define: mutation
Any change to an organism's DNA/geneome.
300
A) Name the two parts of the DNA backbone. 2) Describe the function of the backbone.
Sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate. The DNA backbone gives the helix structure and support.
300
In DNA replication, what enzyme unwinds/unzips the double helix?
Helicase.
300
A single stranded piece of a DNA has the following bases: ACTGAG. What is the matching sequence on its RNA transcript?
UGACUC
300
The building blocks of a protein are called...
Amino Acids
300
This is a type of mutation that changes a single DNA base or small groups of DNA bases
What is a point mutation.
400
Identify the three parts of a nucleotide.
Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen base
400
The end product of DNA replication is (1 / 2) (identical / different) molecules of (DNA / RNA).
The end product of DNA replication is 2 identical molecules of DNA.
400
Why can't DNA leave the nucleus?
It is too long/bulky. mRNA is must shorter.
400
What do we call a sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that codes for 1 amino acid?
A codon
400
These mutations do NOT affect the protein because the changed codon still equals the same amino acid.
A silent mutation.
500
Define the following VIV: gene
A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that is a recipe for a protein.
500
Why is DNA replication called a "semi-conservative" process.
Each new molecule has one old strand and one new strand (half of the old strand is "conserved", or saved)
500
Name the three different types of RNA and describe the function of 1 of them.
mRNA: carries the gene message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm / tRNA: transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes / rRNA: part of the ribosome
500
Name that molecule: this is a chain of amino acids, or a protein before it gets its shape.
A polypeptide
500
These mutations occur when bases are inserted or deleted causing ALL the codons to shift, and thus causing all the amino acids to change too.
A frameshift mutation.
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