Kidneys 1
What is a dialysis machine and how does it work?
A machine that is used to clean blood when your kidneys do not work properly.
Name the two blood vessels where ‘dirty and ‘clean’ blood enter the kidney by and what are their color?
-Renal artery (‘dirty’ blood) ~ Red
-Renal vein (‘clean’ blood) ~ Blue
Why is the glomerulus good for filtration?
A. The blood vessels are highly permeable, so it makes it a little easier for materials to sip out of the blood and enter the nephron.
B. Glomerulus is a very thin vessel, as the blood travels through it, the blood is under high pressure, which helps to push material out of the blood and into the nephron.
Which hormone increases calcium reabsorption and blood calcium level?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH).
What are the 4 symptoms of a kidney infection?
Persistent urge to urinate, burning sensation when urination, strong smelling urine, pelvic pain.
As urea is slightly toxic, what is it diluted with to prevent it from damaging the body?
It is diluted with water.
What are the measurements of the urethra in males and females and its function?
- In males, the urethra is about 20 cm long.
- In females, the urethra is about 4 cm long.
- Transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
What do the loop of henle and the collective duct have in common?
They both help with the reabsorption of water.
Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary and what is its target?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the target is the collecting duct.
What are kidney stones and where are they formed?
- Build up of minerals and ureic acid.
- Formed in renal pelvis.
What does the renal artery do
Transports blood high in urea to the kidneys.
What is the name of the location where ‘dirty’ blood get filtered?
Renal capillaries.
How does blood enter and exit the glomerulus ?
Blood enters through the afferent arteriole, and exits through the efferent arteriole.
Which hormone targets the proximal tubule and what is its function?
Aldosterone and its function is to increase sodium reabsorption and increase blood pressure.
What is the definition of lithotripsy?
Lithotripsy is a treatment that uses shock waves to break down kidney stones and /or calculus into smaller pieces so it can be passed through the body.
What are the 2 main functions of the kidneys?
Filtering the blood and regulating what is not excreted.
How many nephrons are there in each kidney?
0ne million nephrons are in each kidney.
What is reabsorbed in the ascending loop, and what type of transport is used?
When filtered urine is traveling back to the renal cortex, on its way it reabsorbs sodium ions, using active transport.
What are the 3 functions of ADH?
Increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume, and decrease blood concentration.
What are the 9 symptoms of renal insufficiency?
Nausea, loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness, changes to urination, muscle cramps, swelling feet, high blood pressure, overly acidic blood.
What is one of the differences between a renal cortex and a renal medulla?
The renal medulla is very salty.
Where does secretion occur and what substances are secreted?
It occurs in the distal tubule and urea, hydrogen ions, hormones, and drugs are secreted.
What is diabetes insipidus?
When you do not make enough ADH so water stays in nephron and is secreted.