VO2max & Exercise Testing
What does VO2max stand for?
What is a MET?
A metabolic equivalent; 1 MET approximates resting metabolic rate/oxygen consumption of about 3.5 mL/ O2/kg/min.
What does RQ stand for?
Respiratory Quotient.
What is negative work?
Work performed while a muscle is lengthening under tension, such as lowering a weight.
What are the two laws of theromodynamics most relevant to Exercise Physiology?
First energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. Second: energy transformations increase entropy and are not 100% efficient.
What is the most reliable laboratory method for determining VO2max?
Direct measurement of O2 consumption using indirect calorimetry during a graded exercise test.
What is bomb calorimetry used to determine?
The gross energy content of food by measuring heat released when it is completely combusted.
What is RQ calculated from?
CO2 produced divided by O2 consumed.
What is drafting?
Using the reduced air resistance behind or beside another moving person to decrease the energy cost of movement.
What does OIL RIG stand for?
Oxidation Is Loss; Reduction Is Gain -- referring to electrons
Name one common criterion used to help confirm attainment of VO2max.
A plateau in VO2max despite increased workload other criteria can include high RER, Age-predicted maximal HR, or high perceived exertion.
What variable impacts energy expenditure most directly during physical activity?
Exercise intensity/work rate is a major determinant, along with duration, body mass, and efficiency.
What RQ is associated with predominantly carbohydrate oxidation?
Approximately 1.00. (FACT CHECK)
What generally happens to heart rate during upper-body exercise compared with lower body exercise at the same relative workload?
Upper-body exercise often produces a higher heart rate and blood pressure at a given oxygen consumption/workload.
How does VO2max generally change with age?
It generally declines with age, although regular endurance training can reduce the rate of decline.
What is mechanical efficiency?
The ratio of useful external mechanical work produced to the metabolic energy expended.
What RQ is associated with predominantly fat oxidation?
Approximately 0.70.
What commonly happens to blood pressure during dynamic exercise?
Systolic blood pressure rises; diastolic pressure changes a little or may decrease slightly during rhythmic aerobic exercise.
Why must cells continually synthesize ATP?
ATP is continuously hydrolyzed to power cellular work and cannot be stored in large amounts.
What major components contribute to aerobic capacity?
Cardiac output, arterial-venous oxygen difference, oxygen delivery/utilization and the integrated function of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscular systems.
what happens to mechanical efficiency when more external work is produced for the same metabolic cost?
Mechanical efficiency increases.
Why is RQ useful during exercise physiology testing?
It helps estimate which fuel is being oxidized and, at high intensities, can help indicate effort during a maximal test.
What are O2 deficit and EPOC?
O2 deficit is the gap between O2 required at steady-state exercise and O@ actually consumed at exercise onset; EPOC is elevated oxygen consumption after exercise.
What is the relationship between NADH/FADH2 and ATP production?
NADH and FADH2 donate electrocs to the Electron Transport Chain; NADH yields more ATP than FADH2 because they enter the chain at different points.