Biomechanics
Name a force
Eg. gravity, air resistance, water resistance, human force, drag force, friction force
What is visualisation
Mentally rehearsing an event by imagining fine details such as sounds, sights, smells, and rehearsing the actions of the task, to prepare thoroughly for an event and assist in lowering arousal.
What type of bone is a metacarpal?
Long bone
T/F: Jumping is a Fitness component
False - muscular power is a fitness component
What is another word for breathing in?
inhalation or inspiration
Summation of Forces
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-based goals help to motivate athletes towards a target.
T/F: bones in the body produce blood cells
True
What is a common fitness test used for coordination?
The alternate hand-wall toss
What is the role of the alveoli?
This is the site where gaseous exchange occurs between alveoli and capillaries. This process allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to exchange in the lungs.
Air resistance is acting on a cyclist and can be reduced with aerodynamic clothing and bikes.
Gravity is working on a cyclist and can be reduced with lighter bikes and equipment.
Drag force is working on cyclists and can be reduced with aerodynamic equipment and clothing.
Ground Friction is working on a cyclist, and can be increased with greater tyre tread.
Extrinsic - trophies, awards, money, compliments
Intrinsic - feeling of success, beating personal records
List all the bones in the leg
Femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsal, metatarsal, calcaneus (extra), phalanges
Describe the difference between muscular strength, muscular endurance, and muscular power
Strength relates to 1 maximum repetition (1RPM)
Endurance relates to the ability to repeat a movement for long periods of time.
Power is a combination of strength and speed - a singular explosive movement.
What is respiratory rate, and what happens to it during exercise?
The number of breaths per minute. It increases during exercise.
Explain what F=ma represents
Newton's 2nd law of motion, that "Amount of acceleration produced when an unbalanced force acts on a body is proportional to the size of that force"
Force = mass times acceleration
When graphed, flow is a concept that compares two elements: ____ vs_______. If one is lower than the other, an athlete can be either bored or anxious.
Challenge vs ability
Name 5 types of bone and give an example for each
eg short, long, irregular, flat, sesamoid
eg carpal, tibia, vertebrae, pelvis, patella
What fitness component, test, and training method would be best used for a marathon runner?
Aerobic capacity / Cardiovascular endurance
Beep test
Continuous training method
Explain how the diaphragm functions to assist breathing?
During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes and arches to expel air from the lungs.
Explain how the Magnus Effect works in a tennis backspin shot
as the ball is spinning backwards, the air flowing over the ball flows faster on the top side of the ball as it flows in the same direction as the spin. This creates an area of low pressure above the ball, which makes the ball drift upwards.
Your athlete presents as jittery, nervous for their event. How could you help them to perform at their best? (Refer to sport psych theory)
The athlete is over-aroused for their performance. They need to lower their arousal through use of techniques such as: listening to calming music, meditation, breathing techniques, walking.
In a squat, describe the muscles and joints involved in the downward movement, and how they work together.
At the hip: The gluteals are lengthening to allow hip flexion at the ball and socket hip joint, while the hip flexors contract to close the angle of the joint.
At the knee: the quadriceps are lengthening while contracting as an eccentric contraction. The hamstrings are shortening during this phase, contracting to close the angle of the hinge joint at the knee.
Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic training sessions.
Mention - use of oxygen in aerobic training vs no oxygen for energy production in anaerobic sessions.
To create an aerobic session, the intensity would be lower for a greater period of time. Work-rest ratio such as 1:1 would be used.
For anaerobic, 1:6 would be more appropriate as more recovery is needed to work at a higher intensity.
Describe the flow of blood through the Left side of the Heart. Identify whether oxygenated or deoxygenated blood.
Oxygenated blood flows from the left atrium, through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, passed the aortic valve and out through the aorta