Energy Systems & VO2 Max
Endurance training programs typically improve VO₂ max by this percentage range.
15% - 25%
This is the primary source of heat production during exercise.
Contracting skeletal muscles
This theory explains the mechanism of muscle contraction.
Sliding Filament Theory
According to the AMDR, this percentage of calories should come from carbohydrates.
45- 65%
The motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates form this structure.
Motor Unit
Training-based improvements in VO₂ max are usually greatest in this type of individual.
Sedentary beginners
This physiological concept refers to maintaining a relatively constant internal environment.
Homeostasis
This structure stores calcium within skeletal muscle fibers.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
This hormone is commonly called the “stress hormone.”
Cortisol
This term refers to the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
Ventilation
Energy for a maximal effort 400-meter race comes from this combination of energy systems.
Aerobic AND anaerobic metabolism with most coming from anaerobic
Anaerobic glycolysis
This term describes the inability to maintain power output during repeated contractions.
Fatigue
Initial increases in strength during the first 8 weeks of resistance training are primarily due to this.
Neural Adaptations
Hormones only affect tissues containing these.
Specific receptors
This ECG wave represents ventricular repolarization.
T Wave
These are the two major determinants of VO₂ max.
oxygen delivery by the cardiovascular system and oxygen use by skeletal muscle
Evaporation of sweat depends on these three environmental factors.
Temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure
Endurance training increasing mitochondrial density but not glycolytic capacity is an example of this principle.
Specificity
Insulin secretion is highest after this type of meal.
High Carbohydrate meal
The rapid portion of EPOC is largely due to restoration of these substances.
Phosphocreatine and oxygen stores
To break the 2-hour marathon, scientists believe athletes need these three things.
uperior VO₂ max, excellent running economy, and a strict training regimen
These are the primary adaptations that occur during heat acclimatization
increased plasma volume, earlier onset of sweating, and a higher sweat rate
Delayed onset muscle soreness is most likely due to this.
Microscopic tears in muscle
This term describes the increase in muscle glycogen after exhaustive exercise followed by a high-carbohydrate diet.
Glycogen supercompensation
Most oxygen in the blood is transported in this form.
Oxyhemoglobin