The 3 Gs & Early Explorers
What were the primary economic, religious, and political motivations for European nations to explore and colonize the Americas?
What are God, Gold, and Glory
Why did the New England colonies rely on shipbuilding, fishing, and timber rather than large-scale agricultural farming?
What is rocky soil, dense forests, and a harsh, cold climate
Signed in 1620, what document established the concept of self-government and majority rule among the Pilgrims before they landed at Plymouth?
What is the Mayflower Compact
What economic system required colonies to send raw materials to the mother country and purchase manufactured goods only from that mother country
What is Mercantilism?
Who founded Pennsylvania as a safe haven for Quakers and promoted principles of religious tolerance, non-violence, and fair treatment of Native Americans?
Who is William Penn
Unlike the British who sought permanent land settlements, what was the primary economic reason for French colonization in North America?
What is the fur trade
Which region of the 13 colonies was known as the "Breadbasket" due to its fertile soil and production of grain crops like wheat, rye, and barley?
What are the Middle Colonies
Established in Virginia in 1619, what was the first representative assembly (legislature) in the American colonies?
What is the Virginia House of Burgesses
What was the name given to the brutal forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas?
What is the Middle Passage
Which religious dissenter was banished from Massachusetts Bay for advocating separation of church and state, and subsequently founded Rhode Island?
Who is Roger Williams
What physical geographic barrier originally prevented English colonists from expanding further west into the Ohio River Valley?
What are the Appalachian Mountains?
What combination of warm climate, fertile soil, and long growing seasons led to the rise of the plantation system in the Southern Colonies?
What are cash crops (tobacco, rice, and indigo)
Written in 1639 by Thomas Hooker and his followers, what document is considered the first written constitution in America?
What are the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
In the Triangular Trade network, what primary export was shipped from the Southern Colonies directly to Europe?
What are raw agricultural goods / cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo)
Which female dissenter was put on trial and banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for holding Bible study meetings and questioning Puritan religious authorities?
Who is Anne Hutchinson
Which religious group fled England due to persecution and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony to create a strictly religious "City Upon a Hill
Who are the Puritans
Which colony was founded by Lord Baltimore as a safe haven for Catholics fleeing religious persecution in England?
What is Maryland
What geographic factor most directly contributed to the American colonists developing their own traditions of self-government and colonial assemblies?
What is the vast distance between Great Britain and the colonies
Why did the demand for enslaved labor rapidly increase in the Southern Colonies during the late 17th and 18th centuries?
What is the expansion of labor-intensive plantation crops
Which natural geographical feature served as a critical deep-water harbor and central trade hub for the Middle Colonies?
What is the Hudson River
What was the primary motivation for Spain establishing missions throughout the Southwestern region of North America?
What is converting Native Americans to Catholicism
Which colony was established by James Oglethorpe as a haven for English debtors and a defensive buffer against Spanish Florida?
What is Georgia
What 1215 English document limited the power of the King and influenced colonial ideas about individual rights and trial by jury?
What is the Magna Carta
British economic control over colonial shipping and trade was strictly enforced through a series of trade laws known as what?
What are the Navigation Acts
Which early colonial leader introduced sweet Spanish tobacco seeds to Virginia, saving Jamestown financially and securing its economic survival?
Who is John Rolfe