MOTIVES FOR EXPLORATION
What does "God, Gold, and Glory" mean?
The main motives for European exploration: spreading Christianity (God), seeking wealth (Gold), and gaining power and fame (Glory).
Which country focused on converting Native Americans?
Spain
What year was Jamestown founded?
1607
Why did the Pilgrims leave England?
To escape religious persecution and seek freedom to practice their beliefs.
What is self-governance?
A system where people create and follow their own laws.
Which country led early exploration?
Portugal
Which power relied most on fur trade?
France
What crop saved the colony economically?
Tobacco
An agreement to form a self-governing community and follow laws for the good of the colony.
Which colony came first, Plymouth or Jamestown?
Jamestown
How did new technology aid exploration?
Tools like the astrolabe, compass, and improved ships (like caravels) helped navigation.
How did England differ from Spain in colonization style?
England sent families to settle and establish permanent colonies, while Spain focused on conquest and resource extraction.
What was the "Starving Time"?
The winter of 1609-1610 when food shortages, disease, and conflict with Native Americans led to many deaths.
Who helped the Pilgrims survive the first winter?
Squanto
Name all 3 colonial powers we studied.
Spain, France, and England
Name two effects of European exploration on Indigenous peoples.
Disease and population loss; loss of land; forced conversion; cultural disruption.
What region did France primarily settle?
Canada and the Mississippi River Valley
Who was John Smith and what did he do?
A leader who helped Jamestown survive by enforcing discipline and forming trade relations with the Powhatan.
What was the first Thanksgiving?
A 1621 feast shared between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag to celebrate the harvest and friendship.
What is a colony?
A settlement ruled by a distant county.
Why did Europeans want new trade routes?
To bypass Muslim and Italian merchants and gain direct access to Asian goods.
Why did Spain use the encomienda system?
To control Native labor and reward Spanish settlers with land and workers.
What relationship did Jamestown settlers have with the Powhatan?
It was tense and often violent, with periods of trade and cooperation followed by conflict.
Compare challenges of Plymouth and Jamestown.
Both:
Harsh winters, disease, hunger
Jamestown:
struggled with leadership and greed
Plymouth:
lack of farming knowledge, more cooperation with Natives
What is the lasting importance of the Mayflower Compact?
It introduced the idea of self-government and majority rule in the colonies.