Measuring & Evaluating
The process of collecting quantitative information about a characteristic or performance.
What is measurement?
The arithmetic average of a set of scores.
What is the mean?
Jersey numbers are an example of this level of measurement because the numbers function only as labels.
What is nominal data?
The ability of a test to produce consistent and repeatable results.
What is reliability?
The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.
What is validity?
A tool or procedure used to obtain a measurement.
What is a test?
The score located at the midpoint of an ordered dataset.
What is the median?
Finishing places of first, second, and third represent this level of measurement.
What is ordinal data?
In classical test theory, an observed score consists of these two components.
What are the true score and error score?
This type of validity evaluates whether a test adequately represents the domain or characteristics it is intended to measure.
What is content validity?
The process of interpreting a measurement or test result to make a judgment or decision.
What is evaluation?
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a dataset.
What is the range?
This level of measurement has equal intervals between values but does not have a true zero.
What is interval data?
An athlete performs substantially better during a second trial simply because they are now familiar with the testing procedure. This is a potential threat to reliability.
What is a practice or warm up effect?
A new field test is compared with an established laboratory test measured at approximately the same time.
What is concurrent validity?
An evaluation that compares an individual's performance with the performance of other people.
What is norm-referenced evaluation?
This statistic describes the typical amount that individual scores vary around the mean and is expressed in the original units of measurement.
What is the standard deviation?
Body mass, height, and distance are examples of this level of measurement because a meaningful true zero exists.
What is ratio data?
Reliability coefficients generally fall along this numerical continuum.
What is 0.0 to 1.0?
A preseason test is evaluated based on how well it forecasts athletes' performance later in the season.
What is predictive validity?
A coach tests vertical jump at several points during a training program to determine whether athletes are progressing and whether training should be adjusted. This type of evaluation occurs during the program.
What is formative evaluation?
This standardized score indicates how many standard deviations an observation lies above or below the mean.
What is a z-score?
These two characteristics describe the shape of a distribution in terms of its asymmetry and its relative peakedness or flatness.
What are skewness and kurtosis?
Two athletes complete the same test, but one performs in a cool laboratory and the other outdoors in extreme heat. This reliability problem results from a lack of control over these factors.
What are testing/environmental conditions?
A researcher develops a new test of an abstract characteristic such as motivation and examines whether the test behaves according to theoretical expectations.
What is construct validity?