Fats
Fatty acids can be classified into two main categories. What are they?
Saturated and unsaturated
Minerals originate from these environmental sources: _______
Rocks/soil and water
A severe deficiency of this vitamin causes scurvy, a disease characterized by bleeding gums and poor wound healing.
Vitamin C
This is the most abundant mineral in the human body:
Calcium
Butter, cheese, fatty cuts of beef, and coconut oil are all sources of this type of dietary fat.
Saturated fat
Most fat in the human body is stored in this chemical form.
Triglycerides
This trace mineral is essential for wound healing, immune function, taste perception, and reproduction.
Zinc
True or false: All animal species require the same vitamins from their diets.
FALSE
Your skin can produce this vitamin when exposed to sufficient UVB radiation from sunlight.
Vitamin D
Deli meats, packaged soups, fast food, and many sauces are often high in this mineral.
Sodium
Produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, this substance helps emulsify fats in the small intestine.
Bile
SPECIAL QUESTION
-------------------- Calcium does much more than build strong bones! Name two other important functions of calcium in the body.
Blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve signaling
Many water-soluble vitamins function as part of these molecules, which assist enzymes in carrying out chemical reactions.
Coenzymes
Iodine is essential for the production of hormones released by this butterfly-shaped gland in the neck.
Thyroid gland
Olive oil, avocados, and peanut oil are rich in this type of unsaturated fat.
Monounsaturated fat
This enzyme, produced by the pancreas, breaks down triglycerides during digestion.
Pancreatic Lipase
Three major organs or tissues work together to maintain calcium homeostasis. Name all three:
Intestines, bones, and kidneys
Name the three vitamins commonly recognized for their antioxidant roles in the body.
Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Beta carotene
SPECIAL QUESTION
--------------------
Osteoporosis increases the risk of bone fractures. Name two risk factors for developing osteoporosis:
- long-term low calcium intake
- estrogen loss
- physical inactivity
- genetics
- older age
- female
- smoking
- excessive alcohol consumption
In the U.S., up until 2018, margarine and shortening all used to contain what type of fat?
(industrial) Trans fat
This lipoprotein transports dietary triglycerides from the small intestine to tissues throughout the body.
Chylomicron
Name three population groups at increased risk for iron deficiency.
1.Infants/young children
2. menstruating adolescents or adults
3. pregnant individuals
Pellagra, caused by severe niacin deficiency, is classically associated with four clinical manifestations known as the “4 D's.” Name all four:
- dermatitis
- diarrhea
- dementia (delirium)
- death
This 1994 U.S. law established the regulatory framework for dietary supplements, including restrictions on claims that supplements treat or cure diseases.
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)
What are two food sources of non-heme iron?
- beans
- lentils
- seeds
- grains
- meat
- dairy
- tofu