Emotions
Happiness, Sadness, Anger, Fear, Disgust, Surprises
What is an independent variable?
Something that is manipulated or changed
Name the two main divisions of the nervous system
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What is an observational research design?
Researchers observe and record behaviour without manipulating an independent variable
Name the three parts of the biopsychosocial model
Biological, Social and Psychological
Identify the three components of emotions
Subjective feelings, behavioural expressions, physiological responses
In a study of music versus silence and memory, what is the dependent variable?
Memory
Which division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight?
Sympathetic nervous system
Name one disadvantage of an observational design
Cannot imply causation, Cannot be replicated, Results cannot be generalised beyond the sample being investigated
An athlete has sore muscles after training. Which factor is this?
Biological
A student smiles after receiving good news. Which component of emotions is shown?
Behavioural expressions
What is the median of the following numbers - 1, 3, 3, 5, 6
3
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do after a threat has passed?
Calms the body down to it's resting state
A researcher randomly assigns students to a music or silence group to test memory. Identify the design
Experimental design
A student worries about disappointing their family. Which factor is this?
Psychological
Explain why two people can have different feelings about the same event
Emotions are subjective; interpretations and experiences differ
What does a smaller standard deviation indicate?
Scores are more tightly clustered around the mean, which means that it is easier to predict the scores
Name one structure in the CNS and one in the PNS
CNS: brain or spinal cord
PNS: nerves outside the CNS
Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of using a qualitative research design in psychology
Advantages: Can investigate complex real world issues, Easy to organise and inexpensive to conduct, Participants are free to express their opinions due to confidentiality and anonymity of their responses.
Disadvantages: Data may be distorted by the bias of the participants and or researcher bias, Can force a consensus
Explain how pressure from friends might affect a student’s emotional wellbeing
Social expectations may cause psychological stress, anxiety or sadness
Explain why a racing heart alone cannot identify a specific emotion
Different emotions, such as fear and surprise, can cause similar physiological responses
A researcher tells participants they cannot leave a study. Identify the ethical principle violated and explain
Right to withdraw: participants must be free to leave without penalty
Explain how the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work together to regulate heart rate
Sympathetic increases heart rate during stress; parasympathetic slows it during recovery
Why can a well-controlled experiment support a cause-and-effect conclusion better than an observational study?
Manipulation of the IV and control of other variables help isolate its effect on the DV.
A swimmer is exhausted, worries about schoolwork and misses friends. Explain how the three factors interact
Biological fatigue reduces capacity for school/socialising; psychological worry increases stress; social pressure from friends can worsen emotional wellbeing