Government & Leaders
He was the first emperor of Rome; in 27 BC the Senate gave him the title that means "revered" or "majestic."
Who is Augustus (Octavian)
Pax Romana means what in English?
What is Roman Peace
What building material did Romans commonly use that helped them build big structures like aqueducts and the Pantheon?
Concrete
During Augustus's reign, name two regions or countries included in the Roman Empire
Who is Spain, Germany, Syria, Britain, or Egypt
Gladiators would sometimes fight these at the Circus Maximus
What are each other or exotic animals (lions)
This emperor declared himself Pontifex Maximus, controlled the army, and set up qualified governors for provinces.
Who is Augustus
Give one example of public entertainment Romans used to prevent unrest (the "bread and circuses" idea).
What are gladiator games, chariot races, public executions, circuses
Name one Roman writer or historian from the passage and one work they wrote.
Virgil — Aeneid; Tacitus — Annals; Livy — histories; Ovid — Metamorphoses
Which wall did Hadrian build to protect the northern boundary in Britain?
What is Hadrian's Wall
This type of architecture that was developed in Rome
What is dome, arch, or column
Name two problems caused by poor emperors in the Julio-Claudian dynasty (examples: Tiberius, Caligula, Nero).
What is accused people of treason (Tiberius); cruelty/insanity and persecution (Caligula, Nero); bankrupting Rome (Nero)
List two rights Roman citizens had under Roman law (from the passage). (Name two rights.)
What is innocent until proven guilty; right to face accuser
What was the purpose of an aqueduct?
What is to carry water from mountains to cities for drinking, bathing, irrigation
What natural disaster buried Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 AD?
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius
This emperor brought back Stoicism (all should have wisdom, justice, courage, and self-discipline)
Who is Marcus Aurelius
Which emperor expanded the empire to its largest size and conquered Dacia?
Who is Trajan
Describe one reason why many Romans were poor despite the empire's wealth.
What were high numbers of slaves to do the work, unemployment, unequal wealth distribution; food shortages
Identify two forms of Roman art mentioned in the passage.
What are Mosaics and frescoes (and sculpture)
An impact of Rome controlling trade routes like the Silk Road (examples: silk, spices, increased trade) did this to Rome.
exotic goods (silk, spices) became available; What is increased wealth from trade; cultural exchange of ideas (cultural diffusion)
This was a right that citizens and non-citizens had
What is innocent until proven guilty, the right to face your accuser
Explain one way Roman emperors used the army and land to secure loyalty from veterans.
What is gave veterans land and bonuses; kept army loyalty through pay and rewards
These were the homes wealthy people (Patricians) had in the country
What is a villa
Explain one scientific or philosophical contribution from the period (choose from Galen, Ptolemy, Stoicism/Marcus Aurelius).
Galen emphasized experiment/medical recording; Ptolemy proposed geocentric model; Stoicism promoted virtues used by Marcus Aurelius
Explain one reason why maintaining the empire's borders became harder toward the end of Pax Romana.
Examples:(What is) invasions increased, borders stretched too thin, shrinking army size, more pressure from outside groups
This domed building held all of the Roman God's and was later turned onto a church
What is the Pantheon