Positioning
The MSP is parallel with the IR and IPL is perpendicular to the IR.
What is the lateral projection for facial bones?
This structure forms part of the lateral walls and most of the nasal cavity, part of the floor of the orbital cavity
What are the maxillary bones?
Fracture of the zygomatic arch and orbital floor or rim and dislocation of the frontozygomatic suture
What is a Tripod fracture?
The CR is directed to the zygomatic bone half way between the EAM and the outer canthus.
What is the lateral projection of the facial bones?
Sella tursica is in profile
Superimposed orbital roofs
No rotation or tilt of the facial bones
What is the lateral projection of the facial bones?
The OML forms a 37 deg. angle with the plane of the IR and the tip of the extended chin is resting on the IR.
What is Parietoacanthial Projection (Waters Method)?
This structure extends upward between the maxillae and the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone in the posterior nasal cavity
What are the palatine bones?
Growth or mass protruding from a mucous membrane
What is a polyp?
The OML forms an angle of 37 deg to the plane of the IR and the CR is directed at the level of the acanthion and the OML.
What is the Waters Method?
For this PA projection, the petrous ridges are projected immediately below the maxillary sinuses
What is the Waters Method?
The OML forms a 55 deg. angle with the plane of the IR and the tip of the extended chin is resting on the IR.
What is the Modified Parietoacanthial Projection (Modiifed Waters Method)?
This structure slants superiorly and posteriorly from the anterior nasal spine to the body of the sphenoid bone
What is the vomer?
Fracture to one side of a structure caused by trauma to the other side
What is contre-coup?
The forehead and nose is resting on the surface of the IR with the OML perpendicular to the plane of the IR. The CR is directed 15 deg caudally to the level of the nasion.
What is the PA axial projection -Caldwell Method?
For this AP projection, the petrous ridges are projected below the area of the maxillary sinuses
MSP of the head aligned with the long axis of the field
What is the Reverse Waters Method?
The patient is in the supine position. The chin is extended and the OML forms a 37 deg angle with the plane of the IR.
What is the Acanthioparietal Projeciton (Reverse Waters Method)?
These structures articulates with the frontal bone superiorly, with the zygomatic process of the temporal bones at the side, with the maxilla anteriorly, and with the sphenoid bone posteriorly
What are the zygomatic bones?
Irregular or jagged fracture of the skull
What is linear fracture?
The IOML is parallel with the transverse axis of the IR with the CR directed 1/2" distal to the nasion.
What is lateral nasal bones?
Symmetrical petrous ridges lying in the lower third of the orbit
What is the PA axial projection (Caldwell Method)
The forehead and nose are placed against the IR and the OML is perpendicular to the plane of the IR.
What is the Caldwell Method?
These structure are long and narrow and extremely thin; they curl laterally which gives them a scroll-like appearance
What are the inferior nasal conchae?
Bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxillae
What is the Le Fort fracture?
The IOML is parallel with the plane of the IR with the head resting on the vertix and the head forms a MSP that is perpendicular to the plane of the IR.
What is SMV projection?
The had is resting on the vertex and it forms a MSP perpendicular to the plane of the IR. The zygomatic arches are demonstrated in symmetry without foreshortening.
What is the SMV projection?