Organelles
Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. ER
c. mitochondria
d. lysosomes
Mitochondria
All translation starts on _____________ ribosomes?
What are free or cytoplasmic ribosomes?
The structure that carries fold proteins from the ER to the golgi are called _________.
What are vesicles?
Endocytosis and exocytosis require a shape change, what cytoskeletal protein is responsible for that shape change?
What are microfilaments?
What is the process of cell "drinking?
What is pinocytosis?
In which cellular location would you expect to find ribosomes translating mRNAs that encode ribosomal proteins?
a. the nucleus
b. on the rough ER
c. in the cytosol
d. in the lumen of the ER
In the cytosol
This allows the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) to enter the nucleus
What is a Nuclear Localization Sequence?
Your friend has just joined a lab that studies vesicle budding from the Golgi and has been given a cell line that will package proteins into vesicles in the ER, but the vesicles never reach the golgi or cell membrane. The vesicles just pile up inside of the cell. What might be mutated in this cell to cause this?
What are mutations in the motor proteins?
The first organelle you'd expect to find a folded protein that is destined to be secreted from a cell.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
When a macrophage (immune white blood cell) engulfs a bacteria to prevent infection, this is an example of
Enzymes are needed to breakdown and recycle material for the cell. Those enzymes are produced on ___________ ribosomes and end up in _______________.
What is a bound ribosome and what are Lysosomes?
The absence of any signal or targeting sequence, where would you expect any protein to be located in the cell
Cytosol
Which of the following would NOT be a protein made in the secretory pathway?
insulin
ECM protein
membrane ion channel
histone
What are histones?
Name the sequence of organelles that reflects the locations that a secretory protein will visit on its way from its production site to its secretion out of the cell
rough ER, Golgi
What is the endocytic pathway that is very specific?
what is Receptor mediated endocytosis?
Ribosomal genes and rRNA genes gather together for transcription to form this cellular structure?
nucleolus
Proteins targeted to the cell membrane will be made (completed) on a ___________ ribosome?
What is a ER-Bound ribosome?
What is exocytosis?
Facilitative diffusion requires
a channel protein, but NOT ATP.
Endocytosis and exocytosis are both examples of active transport which means they both require
What is ATP?
An enzyme that is needed for lipid biosynthesis would be found abundant in what organelle?
What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) ?
A patient presents with a genetic disease in which the enzyme Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) is kept within the cytoplasm instead of being secreted into the extra cellular matrix. You sequence the secreted protein and find that the normal sequence Lys (K), Asp (D), Glu (E), Leu (L) near the C-terminus is mutated to Lys, Asp, Phe, Leu. Explain why the patient does not secretes PDI
What is the mutation was found within the target sequence that redirects a cytoplasmic ribosome to the ER?
What is the name of the cytoskeletal protein that is involved with vesicular transport?
What are microtubules?
An individual with I-cell disease has a defect in lysosomal targeting of many of the lysosomal targeted hydrolytic enzymes produced by cells. I-cell disease results from a defective phosphotransferase that is needed to add mannose-6-phosphate to oligosaccharide chains on lysosomal enzymes. As a result these individuals have psychomotor retardation, skeletal abnormalities, and a life span of about 8 years. If the proteins are not targeted to the lysosome, where do they go?
the proteins are secreted from cells
A protein pump will move ions from
what is low to high concentration?