Biomolecules & Enzymes
The monomer of this biomolecule is made up of a nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate group
What is a nucleic acid?
The cell membrane helps maintain homeostasis by allowing molecules to go in and out. This is done by what two types of cell transport.
What is Passive and Active Transport?
DNA replication occurs in what step of interphase to ensure each daughter cell has the correct amount of DNA.
What is S Phase?
DNA is the instructions for our traits. DNA allows the body to make this biomolecule which is physically expressed in our appearance. This biomolecule fills in the blank DNA → RNA → _______ → Trait.
What is a protein?
The purpose of meiosis is to create genetic variation within a population. This is achieved by producing 4 genetically different cells to be used in sexual reproduction. This is the type of cell produced in meiosis.
What are gametes?
These two biomolecules provide the body with different types of energy.
What are carbohydrates and lipids?
There are two types of cells, but this type includes a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
What are Eukaryotic Cells?
Interphase is the first part of the cell cycle where the cell grows, develops, and copies DNA. These three steps make up interphase.
What are G1, S phase and G2?
DNA is known as the common code for living things. This part of the nucleotide which is found in all organisms has four options- adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine.
What is a nitrogen base?
It is important that mitosis produces cells with a diploid set of DNA while meiosis produces cells with a haploid set of DNA. This is the amount of haploid DNA for a human.
What is 23?
After a workout, an athlete would consume this biomolecule to help repair tissues.
What is a protein?
This type of passive transport diffuses small water molecules through the membrane and moves them with the concentration gradient.
What is Osmosis?
There are three main reasons body cells go through the cell cycle. List the three reasons.
What are growth, repair, and replacement of body cells?
An individual is looking at a strand of DNA and sees that it follows the following pattern: A T G T A A. Create the complementary strand of DNA.
What is T A C A T T?
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. The purpose of crossing over is to increase this within a population. This is the term for differences/diversity within a population.
What is genetic variation/diversity?
Enzymes will only work on a substrate if the shape fits like a lock and key model. These two factors can denature an enzyme.
What is temperature and pH?
Active Transport requires this energy to move molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration and against the concentration gradient. This is the type of energy required.
What is ATP?
An individual was just diagnosed with cancer, they have a malignant tumor located on their forearm. Cancer can rapidly spread throughout the body. The rate of mitosis is affected by cancerous cells causing them to continually divide. Do these cells move at a faster/slower rate of mitosis?
What is a faster rate of mitosis?
DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids. Both are used to create proteins via protein synthesis, each with their own role. These are the two steps of protein synthesis that DNA and RNA are involved in.
What is Transcription and Translation?
A strand of DNA develops an error in the sequence of a gene during S phase, which causes the wrong amino acid to be produced. An error in the DNA sequence is known as this.
What is a gene mutation?
Enzymes work in the body to catalyze chemical reactions. They do this by the effect they have on activation energy. What effect do enzymes have on activation energy?
What is lowering/decreasing/reducing?
This type of passive transport uses protein channels to assist large molecules entering the cell with the concentration gradient.
What is Facilitated Diffusion?
The cycle consists of six phases. Name all six phases in the cell cycle.
What are Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis?
In translation, this molecule bonds to mRNA to help translate the message. It carries the amino acids to the ribosome to construct the protein.
What is tRNA?
Nondisjunction is a process that occurs during anaphase of mitosis. As a result of nondisjunction, sometimes an individual can end up with three chromosomes found on chromosome 21. This disorder results from trisomy 21.
What is Down Syndrome?