DNA and Proteins
An organism’s complete set of DNA is its ________.
Genome
During which part of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
Interphase
Different forms of the same gene are called ________.
Alleles
A change in an organism’s DNA sequence is called a ________.
Mutation
Differences between individuals within a population are called ________.
Variation
A section of DNA containing instructions for a characteristic or protein is called a ________.
Gene
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the cell’s equator?
Metaphase
Is Tt homozygous or heterozygous?
Heterozygous
Name the three types of point mutation.
Substitution, insertion and deletion
An environmental factor that affects which individuals survive and reproduce is called a ________.
Selection pressure
Complete the base-pairing rules: A pairs with ___ and C pairs with ___.
T and G
During which stage are sister chromatids pulled towards opposite poles?
Anaphase
An organism’s observable characteristic is its ________.
Phenotype
Mutations can be harmful, beneficial or have no ________.
Effect
Why do antibiotic-resistant bacteria become more common when an antibiotic is used?
Resistant bacteria survive, reproduce and pass on resistance alleles.
Which enzyme separates the two DNA strands during replication?
Helicase
How many cells are produced by mitosis, and are they genetically identical or different?
Two genetically identical cells
In a pedigree, what does a shaded circle represent?
A female who has the characteristic or condition
Why can a mutation in a gamete be inherited, while a mutation in a skin cell is not normally inherited?
Gametes contribute DNA to offspring, while skin cells do not.
Evolution can lead to speciation when ________ barriers develop between populations.
Reproductive
Transcription produces ________ from DNA. Translation uses this molecule to build a ________.
mRNA; protein
How many cells are produced by meiosis, and how many chromosomes does each cell contain?
Four genetically different cells containing 23 chromosomes each
Tall (T) is dominant over short (t). Two heterozygous plants are crossed: Tt × Tt. What percentage of their offspring are predicted to be short?
25%
Name one benefit and one concern associated with gene-editing technology.
Benefit: treating disease or introducing useful characteristics. Concern: unintended changes, unequal access or ethical issues.
Two species have very similar DNA and the same basic arrangement of forelimb bones. Identify the two types of evidence.
Genetic evidence and comparative anatomy.