Feudalism
A system of obligation (service) based on the distribution of land
What is Feudalism?
The land a lord gives a vassal
What is a fief?
A medieval farming community ruled by a lord and worked by serfs
What is a manor?
Days of rest and celebration
What are Sundays and Catholic Feast Days?
Farming innovations and the Great Medieval Warming produced this
What is an Agricultural revolution?
This again replaced bartering
What is money?
After Charlemagne died, they last power while nobles gained power
What are kings?
Low ranking vassal who fights while on horseback
What is a knight?
Manged the Manor and its resources
Who is a steward?
Made deeper cuts and was a faster device
What is the iron blade plow?
By 1100 AD, Feudalism made Europe this
What is safer?
This class flourished in towns and cities
What is the middle class?
The center of each of the hundreds of European Medieval feudal territories
What is the Nobles castle?
Allowed knights to stand while riding their horse
What is a stirrup?
The two groups of peasants
What are freemen and serfs?
This allowed horses to pull heavy loads
What is a horse collar?
By 1100, Europe's population did something it had not done since the fall of Rome
What is increase in size?
Cities formed governing councils elected by these
What are male citizens?
Owed a duty of service and rents to a lord
What is a vassal?
The code knights and lords followed that required respect of women, the poor, and the elderly, and the church
What is chivalry?
These peasants were tied to the land, could not leave the manor, could not own land, or marry without permission
What were serfs?
These types of power aided in sawing, grinding, and irrigation
What are wind and water power?
By 1200, these cities controlled trade Mediterranean trade with Byzantine Empire
What are Genoa and Venice?
These formed to regulate trades and professions
What are guilds?
Built on high ground, surrounded by strong walls, near what was important to the lord
What is a castle (keep)?
The most popular event in Medieval war games
What is the joust?
The number of days a week serfs worked the noble's land
What is 3?
Method using 3 fields: plant one in the Fall and one in the Spring and one leave empty
What is crop rotation?
Eventually this city originally known for wool, controlled all European trade
What is Florence?
One word (adjective) used in the textbook for Medieval cities after population explosion
What is unhealthy?