•also called crosscutting and intercutting
• two or more lines of narrative action occurring simultaneously ("meanwhile")
•accelerated montage: shorter and shorter shot length (controlled pacing of cutting)
•"last-minute rescue": lines of narrative action converge (often after accelerated montage) to end in climax
What is parallel editing?
100
The camera must stay on the same side of the narrative action to insure consistent spatial relations and constant screen direction from shot to shot.
What is the 180 degree rule?
100
He wrote "The Language of New Media"
Who is Lev Manovich?
100
Genre relies on the audience's foreknowledge of these two things.
What is ICONOGRAPHY and CONVENTIONS?
100
-Films produced by individuals or collectives
-low or no budget: lo-tech (16mm, S8mm, 8mm)
-varying length (1/24th sec - 20+ hours); most <30 min
-individual artist hands-on production
What is artisanal film?
200
•1900s onwards, e.g., Edwin S. Porter
•one film = many scenes; one scene = many shots
•outdoor and studio locations
•some camera movement (pan, tilt, tracking)
•straight cuts between most shots
•faster pace of editing
•cut may occur before narrative action in a shot is complete
•narrative structure from trajectory of shots linked through editing
What is a chase film?
200
A cut in which an action in one shot is picked up in the next shot, at the exact moment it breaks off, making the action appear continuous.
What is a match on action?
200
1. a NEW MEDIA OBJECT can be described mathematically.
2. a NEW MEDIA OBJECT is a subject to algorithmic manipulation.
What is numerical representation?
200
Raises social conflicts BUT resolves those conflicts in imaginary, illusory ways.
•1893-mid-1900s, e.g., Lumière Brothers
•one film = one scene = one shot
•outdoor locations
•deep space, and deep focus, often emphasized through diagonal lines in the composition
•minimal storytelling
•concentration on actuality/documentary subjects & new visual experience
What is actualities or one shot films?
300
A cut which sustains continuity between shots but changes the actual positions of characters.
What is a cheat cut?
300
Removes human intentionally from the creative process (at least in part).
What is automation?
300
The word genre comes from the root word for "genus" the root word for this...
What is generic?
300
Artificial movement where differences between frames are manipulated in production
What is animation?
400
•early 1900s, e.g., Georges Méliès
•one film = many scenes; one scene = one shot (usually)
•studio settings
•shallow, stage space; illusion of deep space created artificially
•long shot camera distance
•dissolves between shots/scenes with some trick editing to create 'magic' transformations
•emphasis more on spectacle than narrative economy
What is tableaux style?
400
A cut which sustains continuity between shots but omits part of the duration of an event. Plot duration is generally shortened by omitting story duration.
What is an ellipsis?
400
Small elements are assembled into larger-scale objects -- but they continue to maintain their separate identity.
Objects can be combined into even larger objects -- without losing independence.
What is modularity?
400
3 traditional genre forms.
What is Western, gangster, detective, musical, screwball comedy, melodrama, epic, science fiction, horror, adventure, disaster
400
Films defined:
Economically
Internationally/Domestically
Culturally
What is national cinema?
500
•one film = many scenes; one scene = many, many shots
•outdoor and studio locations w deep space
•extensive camera movement
•wide range of camera distances (from extreme close-up to extreme long shot)
•cuts “in” to the diegetic space
•restrained film acting style toned down from theatrical acting
•directional lighting and use of shadow
•camera angles (low angle, high angle)
•complex shot transitions (straight cut, dissolve, fade in, fade out)
•frame within a frame (mask, iris)
What is D.W. Griffith's editing innovations?
500
A segment of a film that summarizes a topic or compresses a passage of time into brief symbolic or typical images. Often dissolves, fades, superimpositions, and wipes.
What is a montage sequence?
500
Stored digitally, media elements maintain their separate identity and
can be assembled into numerous sequences under program control.
What is new media variability?
500
He wrote: "The determining, identifying feature of a film genre is its cultural context, its community of interrelated character types whose attitudes, values, and actions flesh out dramatic conflicts inherent within that community"
Who is Thomas Shatz?
500
Cinema that...
-shock and challenge the audience
-satire and social criticism
-meditation and contemplation
-invocation of spiritual states
-express artists' emotion, sensibility, thoughts
-see beauty of real or imaginative world 'imaged' on screen