Lower Extremity Anatomy
These structures extend from the ventral surface of the sacrum to the ischial spine, subdividing the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
What are the Sacrospinous Ligaments?
Screening for these two conditions should be done before biologic administration.
What are latent TB and Hepatitis B?
An elderly woman has purpura and ecchymoses on the dorsum of her hands from solar damage thinning the epidermis. She is diagnosed with this condition.
What is Actinic Purpura?
Two weeks after a severe sore throat, a six-year-old presents with a ventricular gallop, joint pain in his left ankle and right knee, and elevated ESR. This drug is immediately administered.
What is penicillin?
This dermatological condition is characterized by interface dermatitis, saw-toothing at the dermal-epidermal junction, and civatte bodies histologically.
What is Lichen Planus?
This structure lies anterior to the medial malleolus and is a tributary to the femoral vein.
What is the Great Saphenous Vein?
Azathioprine is metabolized by these two important enzymes.
What are TPMT and Xanthine Oxidase?
A college student spent winter break in the hot tub with his friends. Almost a week later, he developed pruritic vesicopustules on his torso. His doctor prescribed him with this medication.
What is a fluoroquinolone?
A patient with dermatomyositis presents with interstitial lung disease and ulcerations over the Gottron papules on her knuckles. This antibody is prevalent on labs.
What is Anti-MDA5?
This fracture is through the physis and metaphysis and usually heals well due to the periosteum keeping the broken fragment in place.
What is a Salter-Harris Type II Fracture?
The ankle is more vulnerable to injury when in this position.
BONUS 100 Points: Why?
What is Plantarflexion?
The narrower posterior portion of the trochlea is positioned between the malleoli --> decreased joint congruency and stability. (+100)
This drug binds to FKBP, inhibiting the downstream transcription of IL-2.
What is Tacrolimus?
What are alpha-MSH and POMC?
A 41-year-old man has reduced lumbar flexion and pain at his right Achilles tendon. The pathology is mainly mediated by these cytokines.
What are TNF-alpha and IL-17?
This muscle concentrically contracts in the Gait cycle, inverting the hindfoot and plantarflexing the ankle, driving the heel off the ground to create a rigid lever for forward propulsion
What is the tibialis posterior?
ITB tightness, patella alta, and increased Q-angle are all potential causes of this condition.
What is Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?
These three drugs are CYP3A4 substrates.
What are Tofacitinib, Baricitinib, and Cyclosporine.
A patient feels bloated after eating and presents with intensely pruritic papules in grouped conformation on the elbows and buttocks. Direct Immunofluorescence would should deposition of these antibodies here. (two-parter)
What are IgA antibodies in the dermal papillae? (Dermatitis Herpetiformis)
While both of these "crystal-friendly" conditions trigger an acute "neutrophil storm" via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, this specific arthropathy is definitively identified by crystals that appear blue when oriented parallel to the slow axis of the polarizer.
What is CPPD?
A patient comes in with a lacy pattern of discoloration on the leg, hypertension, and fibrinoid necrosis. Antibodies associated with this condition are most likely present in the serum.
What is Hepatitis B?
During a femoral shaft fracture, the proximal fragment is often abducted, externally rotated, and flexed due to the pull of these muscles/muscle groups on these attachment sites respectively.
What are the gluteus medius/minimus on the greater trochanter; external rotators of the hip on the greater trochanter; illiopsoas muscle on the lesser trochanter.
Name the 5 TNF-alpha-blocking drugs.
What are Adalimumab, Etanercept, Cetrolizumab, Golimumab, and Infliximab?
Low levels of C4 and C1-INH, reduced C1-INH function, and normal C1q level correspond to this condition mediated by this peptide. (two-parter)
What is Hereditary Angioedema (Type I) and Bradykinin?
Seen in osteoarthritis, this is a degenerative bone process where the cartilage in a joint completely wears away, causing opposing bones to grind directly against one another.
What is Eburnation?
A patient has thickened skin, dysphagia, and a recent history of Raynaud's phenomenon. Their serum shows the presence of anti-topoisomerase I antibody. They are more at risk for this disease progression.
BONUS 100 Points: If their serum showed the presence of anti-RNA polymerase III antibody, they would be more at risk for this disease progression.
What is pulmonary fibrosis?
What is scleroderma renal crisis? (+100)