Host Immunity
B cells mature in the ____ and T cells mature in the ____
1. Bone marrow
2. Thymus
Primary defenses include:
lysozymes in tears
What makes an antigen good? What makes it bad? Give some examples.
Good: large, complex
lipoproteins, nucleoproteins, LPS
Bad: small/simple molecuels
Haptens, trisaccharide, polypeptide
The most important role of bateria
Nitrogen Fixation
The functions of lymph nodes are
to filter lymph and provide immune cells
Physical Barriers include:
skin
fibrous layer of eyes
mucous membranes - digestive and urinary & reproductive tracts
Why is antigen affinity important during the antibody binding process?
Antibodies have different shapes which may or may not fit on the receptor site.
The better the antibody fits to the antigen, the more effective it is at starting lysis.
Lithotrophic bacteria are bacteria that live in
the soil
The spleen (1)_____, (2)_____, (3)_____
1. filters blood
2. recycles RBC
3. blood reservoir (1 cup)
pyrogens resetting the hypothalamus (100-106)
List the antibodies from most to least common. Describe their function and shape.
G > M > A > D > E
A=di, M=penta
placenta > first responder > visceral > b activators > mast / basophil activators
The process of returning nitrogen to the gas form from others is called
denitrification
NO3 − → NO2 − → NO → N2O → N2 (gas)
Innate immunity consist of _____ cells and no _____.
1. nonspecific
2. memory
Pyrogens can be exogenous or endogenous. Give examples of both
exogenous - products of bacteria, viruses, protozoans, fungi - LPS
endogenous - released by monocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages - IL-1 & TNF
What is adenotrypanomyosine?
Carlos' favorite
Why is nitrogen fixation so important?
Most organisms cannot utilize gas N2, it must first be converted to an organic form as either NH4+ or NO3-
Phagocytic cells include:1_____,
1. Neutrophils, 2. Macrophages, 3. dendritic cells
the complement system does what?
Activated by antibodies, (membrane attack complex 202) proteins embed into the microbes membrane to form pore that allows water & salt to enter, causing swelling and lysis.
The root nodules that contain nitrogen fixing bacteria are called