Volcano Basics
What is magma called after it reaches Earth’s surface?
Lava
What do we call a crack in Earth’s crust?
Fault
What is the point underground where an earthquake starts?
Focus
Which seismic wave moves the fastest?
P-waves
What is the Ring of Fire?
A belt of volcanoes and earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean
What is the opening at the top of a volcano called?
Crater
Which tool measures earthquake strength?
Richter Scale
What is the point directly above the focus on Earth’s surface?
Epicenter
Which waves can move through solids and liquids?
P-waves
What is a dormant volcano?
A volcano that could erupt again
What type of volcano has gentle slopes?
Shield Volcano
What causes most earthquakes?
Moving Tectonic Plates
Which boundary occurs when plates slide past each other?
Transform
Why are S-Waves important to scientists?
They help scientists study Earth’s interior
What usually causes tsunamis?
Underwater earthquakes
Which volcano type erupts explosively most often?
Composite Volcano
What is an aftershock?
A smaller earthquake after the main one
What forms when tectonic plates move toward each other?
Convergent Boundary
Which layer of Earth contains moving tectonic plates?
Crust
Why do composite volcanoes erupt explosively?
Their lava is thick and traps gases