Elements + Conversion
What is the difference between molecular and ionic compounds?
Molecular - covalent bonds between nonmetals
Ionic - electrostatic interactions between metals and nonmetals
What is the molar mass of sodium nitrate?
NaNO3
85.00 g/mol
Give the AXmEn classification and polarity for CH4
Nonpolar, tetrahedral, AX4E0
What are the three types of bonds based on electronegativity difference?
Polar, nonpolar, and ionic
Define Charles' Law
The direct relationship between volume and temperature
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Convert 11.27 Gm into nanometers
1.127 x 1019 nm
What are the quantum numbers for the fourth valence electron in nitrogen?
n = 2
l = 1
ml = 0
ms = +1/2 (or -1/2, it doesn't really matter as long as they're all pointing the same way)
What is the hybridization of oxygen in water?
sp3
Explain the electron sea model
Cations share electrons across the entire sample, metals only, makes the melting and boiling points high, strong and malleable compounds
Describe the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions (direction of heat and enthalpy change)
Exothermic, heat flows out of reaction into surroundings, enthalpy change is negative
Endothermic, heat flows into reaction from surroundings, enthalpy change is positive
Calculate the protons, neutrons, and electrons in 2311Na+
protons - 11
neutrons - 12
electrons - 10
Which block is the first to lose electrons when a transition metal becomes a cation?
the s block
Draw the Lewis structure and polarity for ammonia
NH3
What is the relationship between bond length, bond order, and bond strength
As bond order increases, bond strength increases, and bond length decreases
If the pressure of a 12 mole system is 713 torr, the temperature is 23oC, what is the volume?
311 L
What is the weighted atomic mass of magnesium if the isotopes have the following abundance?
24Mg = 78.99%, 23.985 amu
25Mg = 10.005%, 24.9858 amu
26Mg = 11.01%, 25.9853 amu
24.31 amu
What is the condensed electron configuration for Calcium?
[Ar] 4s2
What are the two types of covalent bonds and what kind of overlap are they?
Sigma - head to head overlap of hybridized sp orbitals
Pi - side to side overlap of unhybridized p orbitals
Calculate formal charge for an oxygen that is single bonded to a carbon
-1
What is the equation used to calculate the quantity of heat/enthalpy?
q=mcdeltaT
What is Avogadro's number
6.023 x 1023
If your theoretical yield is 95.6 g and your actual yield is 46.23 g, what is your percent yield?
48.6 %
What kind of bonds do sigma bonds form?
What kind of bonds do pi bonds form?
Single bonds
Double and triple bonds
In Coulomb's law, what type of compounds are described? What aspect of the atoms are in the numerator and denominator?
Ionic compounds
Charge is in the numerator, increase in charge is an increase in lattice energy
Radius is in the denominator, increase in radius is a decrease in lattice energy
Calculate the density of a compound if the molar mass is 127.0 g/mol, the temperature is 298 K, and the reaction is at standard pressure
D = MP/RT
= (127)(1)/(0.08206)(298)
= 5.19 g/cm3