Mexican/Russian Revolution
Is tsarism a liberal or conservative type of government? WHY?
It is conservative since it gives absolute power to the tsar (it's a monarchy)
For example, the tsar Nicholas II decided to enter WWI even if Russia was economically struggling.
What was the main cause of the of the Great Depression?
The US economy was working with 'fake money', since people were using BANK LOANS to buy products and stocks.
Stocks = acciones (Wall Street)
Why did totalitarian regimes appeal to the YOUTH?
Specially through propaganda.
They were the future of the regime, that's why they indoctrinated them with militarism, nationalism, patriotism, etc.
What was the Mexican Miracle? Why was it called miracle?
20 consecutive years of economic progress (1950-1970).
It was called a miracle because Mexico had finally stabilized, plus later there will be HUGE economic crises that devalued the 'peso'.
Why is the Cold War one of the biggest examples of Polarization?
Because it confronted capitalism vs. communism for many decades.
Why was the Díaz-Creelman a precedent of the Mexican Revolution?
Because Díaz admitted that he was ready to leave the presidency, so people thought that his dictatorship was ending in the next elections.
IT DIDN'T :( he committed fraud against Madero
Why was the USA economically strong after WWI, while other countries were suffering?
Mention at least two reasons.
1. Sold a lot of weapons
2. Gave loans to other countries
3. Entered war at the end
4. Civilians financed the war through Liberty Bonds.
How does the Final Solution reflect cultural violence?
It was Germany's attempt to eliminate all of the Jews. It is cultural violence because it justified the extermination of Jews just because of their religion.
Some Nazis were punished by the Nuremberg Trials, but the root of the problem, ANTI-SEMITISM, was never fully addressed.
What do the Chicago 7 movie and the Tlatelolco movement have in common?
Students were violently repressed by the government while protesting.
They were protesting against the governments authoritarianism/corruption and asking for more freedoms.
Name one of the specific accomplishments of the civil rights movement in the USA during the 60s.
1. Right to vote
2. Prohibition of segregation/discrimination in public places.
Both revolutions sparked civil wars among the revolutionaries. What were they fighting for in each case?
Mexican: constitutionalists vs conventionists (being ruled by a Constitution vs being ruled by a Convention of revolutionaries)
Russian: REDS (bolsheviks/communists) vs WHITES (mensheviks, tsarists and anti-communists)
What was attrition warfare?
To weaken/exhaust the enemy by provoking continuous losses of resources and soldiers.
Guerra de desgaste.
What conditions led to the rise of totalitarian regimes?
Economic crises, political instability, charismatic leaders that knew how to gain the support of the people, unemployment.
Describe at least 2 specific reasons why PRI had such a bad reputation at the end of the 20th century.
1. Peso devaluation during the oil dependence administration (López Portillo)
2. Corruption, such as Charrismo Sindical (union leaders protecting the government's or business owner's interests instead of the workers).
3. Lack of government's aid during the 1985 earthquake.
4. Colosio's assassination and rigged elections.
5. Massacre's performed by the government, such as Tlatelolco, Aguas Blancas, Acteal, El Halconazo, etc.
What was the objective of Operation Condor?
To overthrow socialist/leftist regimes in Latin America, indirectly promoting dictatorships.
Why were latifundios a cause of both the Mexican and the Russian Revolution?
Because of the unequal land distribution (huge pieces of land in the hands of few rich people). These lands were often taken from rural/indigenous communities.
In both cases, the nationalization of the land will be proposed (by Lenin and Zapata).
Why was the Treaty of Versailles an example of STRUCTURAL violence?
Because winning nations (UK, USA, France) forced Germany to take the blame for the war, imposing conditions that created inequality and economic instability.
Conditions: reduction of its army and territory; economic compensation.
What is the difference between the IMF and the World Bank?
The IMF monitors the currencies and the financial stability of the countries. It helps countries with economic crisis.
The World Bank gives loans to countries with development/humanitarian projects.
Describe two things that weakened South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
1. The constant guerrilla attacks in the south, performed by the Vietcong.
2. The dictatorship and authoritarianism of their leader.
3. The internal and external protests against war.
4. USA's withdrawal of their troops.
What do the Spanish Civil War and the Greek Civil War have in common?
In both cases the conservatives won.
Spain: Francisco Franco and the Falange, imposing a dictatorship.
Greece: King George II stays in power with the help of USA.
Why was the NEP (New Economic Policy) of Russia so controversial?
It occurred after the revolution ended.
It leaned towards capitalism (open-market, foreign investment, etc.).
This was controversial because the revolutionaries were COMMUNISTS, but it helped Russia to recover economically.
How do the Balkan Wars reflect imperialism?
Balkan countries were fighting to obtain territories that used to be part of the Ottoman Empire.
One of the biggest conflicts was between Serbia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, fighting over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Why was SELF-DETERMINATION one of the biggest causes of WW2?
It allowed countries to make decisions without other countries interfering.
Countries such as Japan, Germany and Italy were able to conquer other territories without someone stopping them.
Ultra-nationalism and fascism rose without opposition.
Why is the post-Mao China an example of globalization?
Because China opened their economy through market socialism (government owned enterprises enter global trade).
They recognized the importance of interacting with other countries, instead of depending exclusively on local production.
Why were the outcomes of the Korean War and the Afghan-Soviet War examples of NEGATIVE PEACE?
Because in both cases the armed conflict ended, but the tension between groups continued. There was no resolution. USA and USSR just abandoned the territories.
Korea: they are still separated in two (North = communist / South = capitalist)
Afghanistan: a civil war sparked that led to the Taliban taking power.