Exam 1
What is the pKa of the Amino Acid Y?
pKa of Tyrosine ("Y") = 10.5
What causes carbon monoxide to bind at a bent angle?
The distal histidine: His E7!
you have to use detergents to remove.
How much ATP is produced from GLYCOGEN when you use the Glycerophosphate shuttle?
31 ATP
What is the relationship between Km and affinity?
What are some beta sheet facts?
Some listed below:
H-bonds occur between aa’s on adjacent strands perpendicular to strand direction (Y axis) Side Chains (R-Gps) alternate in pointing above & below plane perpendicular to H-bonds AND strands (Z axis)
they run antiparallel to be more stable.
•usually 6-12 residues involved per strand.
•Repeating unit of 2 AA residues w/ distance = 7 Å (3.5 Å per AA)
• May be amphipathic - One surface of B sheet may consist of hydrophobic side chains (R gps) while other can have hydrophilic ones
What makes the T-State tense?
Lone pairs and H-Bonds not present in the R state
Give an example of an NSAID and what type of inhibitor is it?
Naproxen/Aleve: Reversible competitive
Ibuprofen/Advil: Reversible competitive
Aspirin: Irreversible/ suicide or RSA
What are the reactants and products of the enolase reaction?
2PG --> PEP + H2O
Which disaccharide has two glucose molecules connected by an beta 1 to 4 glycosidic bond?
This is Cellubiose.
Not to be confused with cellulose which is a polysaccharide.
What is the main bonding interaction for the different levels of structure?
Primary: Covalent Bonds
Secondary: H-Bonds
Tertiary: Hydrophobic
Quaternary: Hydrophobic
What is DIPF?
It is a group-specific irreversible inhibitor for all things Serine protease.
It is a nerve gas.
Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL
What is the main regulatory control point of the TCA and how is it regulated?
Step 3; Isocitrate DH, IRAN
Ireversable
Rregulated
ADP activates this reaction
NADH inhibits this reaction
How do you know if something is a reducing sugar?
Ring: look for a free OH on the Anomeric Carbon
Linear: Look for a free aldehyde or ketone that can tautomerize into an aldehyde.
What is the net charge of the Amino Acid H at a pH of 9.0?
Net Charge: +1/2 or +0.5
An LB plot tells us this:
x-intercept = -1/Km
y-intercept = 1/Vmax
What does Platelet activating factor look like?
It is a glycerophospholipid with a choline headgroup and a short acetate chain at the C-2 position
What enzyme classification is Aconitase in the TCA?
EC 4 Lyase
What is the difference between delta and omega nomenclature and give an example.
Delta count from the head group and omega count from the tail:
Example: Palmitoleic acid is C16:1 ∆9 or C16:1w7
What is the PI of this polypeptide?
FINALTEST
3.75
What are the three broad types of irreversible inhibitors?
Group Specific, Suicide, and Reactive Substrate Analogs
What are the 7 classes of lipids and their identifiable portions?
1st: Fatty Acid: long chain with carboxylic acid headgroup
2nd: Biological Wax: esters with two long chain tials
3rd TAGs three tails + glycerol backbone
4th: Glycerophospholipids: has a phophate headgroup with an saturated and unsaturaed FA at C1 and C2 respectivly
5th: Sphingolipids: has a sphingosine backbone and a Nitrogin at C2
6th: Tepenoids with that isopren unit (5 carbons and 2 DBs)
7th: Steroids: that steroid backbone 3 six member rings and 1 five member ring all fused together.
What is the ETC and OX phos pathway?
NADH: Complex 1 --> Coenzyme Q --> Complex 3 --> Cyt C --> Complex 4
FADH2: Complex 2 then same as NADH
Then protons flow through compelx 5 to produce ATP
What complex in the ETC is inhibited by Oligomycin A?
Complex 5 or ATP synthetase