Chapter 8
A set of internal processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent gains in the capability for skilled performance.
Motor Learning
A type of practice that is effortful, focused, and conducted specifically for the purpose of improving skilled performance, often involving feedback and targeting weaknesses.
Deliberate Practice
Cognitive rehearsal of a skill without physical movement, involving thinking about the skill, sequencing steps, imagining the action, and anticipating sensations
Mental Practice
A practice schedule in which the amount of rest between practice trials is relatively short.
Massed Practice
What is a group of lions called?
A Pride
The observable act of executing a skill at a specific time and in a specific situation. Performance can be influenced by temporary factors.
Motor Performance
The initial phase of motor learning where a new skill is being learned and performance is typically inconsistent.
Skill Acquisition
Direction of conscious awareness, with an external focus (on the movement outcome) generally being more effective than an internal focus (on body movements).
Attentional Focus
Practicing many repetitions of a single task consecutively, resulting in low contextual interference.
Blocked Practice
What is the main ingredient in hummus?
Chickpeas
The principle that improvements in performance are typically large and rapid early in practice, but the rate of improvement slows down with continued practice.
Law of Practice
The principle that suggests that learning is highly dependent on the specific conditions and stimuli present during practice. What is learned is often specific to what is practiced.
Specificity of Learning
Explanation for the contextual-interference effect, suggesting that random practice makes tasks more distinct and meaningful, leading to stronger memory representations.
Elaboration Hypothesis
Transient changes in performance that can be positive or negative and that diminish with time or changes in condition.
Temporary Effects of Practice
What landlocked state has only 1 neighbor?
Maine
A ____________ is a graph that shows
how performance changes over time with practice.
It’s the most common way to track learning
progress.
Performance Curve
The ability to recognize, interpret, and process sensory information relevant to a particular skill
Perceptual Skills.
Framework suggesting learners develop generalized motor programs (GMPs) and rules linking movement parameters to outcomes through practice.
Schema Theory
Intrinsic motivation for learning can be influenced in these (3) ways:
Goal setting, Self-regulated practice, Social-comparative information.
What’s the national flower of Japan?
Cherry Blossum
Transfer of learning that occurs to different tasks or in different contexts than the original practice.
Generalized Transfer
A benefit of practice where interference between simultaneous movements of different body parts decreases as the underlying motor programs become more integrated
Reduced Effector Competition
Deci and Ryan (2000) suggest that an individual’s intrinsic motivation is largely determined by three basic needs:
Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness
What is Rosenbaum’s letter-vocalizing memory experi-ment and what did it conclude?
The conclusion from the Rosenbaum experiment is that the memory for how you previously spoke the letter could either facilitate performance (i.e., for even-numbered letter strings) or hinder performance (i.e., for odd-numbered letter strings).
Logical conclusion is that the memory facilitated performance when the remembered vocalization was used again as before, but degraded performance when it interfered with the required (opposite) vocal stress
Name Disney’s first film?
Snow White (1937)