The Early Middle Ages
A piece of land granted in exchange for loyalty and protection was called a _____.
fief
This disease was caused by fleas on rats and killed up to 60% of Europe's population during the late Middle Ages.
The Bubonic Plague
Renaissance means _________.
Rebirth
The Protestant Reformation began as a stand against the abuses of what institution?
The Roman Catholic Church
Made first printing press with movable type in Europe.
Johannes Gutenberg
Under feudalism, lords granted land to vassals in exchange for __________ and ___________.
Service and loyalty
The purpose of the Crusades was to take back ___________ from Muslim control. (It was ultimately unsuccessful).
Jerusalem/The Holy Lands
What two ancient European civilizations inspired Renaissance art, architecture and thought?
Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
This is the document that began the Protestant Reformation.
95 Theses
Wrote 95 Theses, 1st person to successfully stand up against the Catholic Church
Martin Luther
This was the most powerful institution in Europe during the Middle Ages.
The Roman Catholic Church
What did the Pope promise in exchange for fighting in the Crusades?
Entrance into Heaven
What new invention spread both Renaissance ideas and ideas of the Reformation?
The printing press.
Predestination was a central belief of what Reformation era religion?
Calvinism
Painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David
Michelangelo
Religious rites/ceremonies one needed to receive in order to get into Heaven.
sacraments
A group of merchants or craftsmen that secured equal working conditions for all members.
Guilds
The Prince
Henry VIII started this type of Christianity to legally divorce his first wife.
Anglicanism (Church of England)
Called the first Crusade to win the Holy Lands back from Muslims.
When a Pope has complete authority- both secular AND religious power.
Papal Supremacy
Which family financed most of the art and architecture in Florence, leading to this city-state becoming the birthplace of the Renaissance?
Medicis
This denomination of Christianity is defined by people being baptized as adults.
Anabaptism
Painter of the School of Athens
Raphael