Procedures
A radiographic examination of the urinary bladder is termed
Cystography
Describe the function of the glomerulus.
Filtering of blood, removing fine particles and water
Which position will best demonstrate the right kidney in a true AP?
30-degrees LPO
Which term describes the leakage of contrast media from a vein into the surrounding tissues of the arm?
Extravasation
Which position/projection will best demonstrate nephroptosis.
Erect
Operative examination visualizing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder with contrast injected via bolus directly into the pelvicalyceal system
Retrograde urography
The American College of Radiology recommends that metformin (a drug used for diabetes mellitus) be withheld for ____ hour(s) prior to and following a contrast media procedure.
48
Which projection will demonstrate a ureterocele during cystography?
AP Oblique
Normal BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels in adults should not exceed ____ mg per 100 mL.
25
During cystography, the average adult bladder will be at maximum capacity with what amount of contrast?
Bonus: What is the average urine output of the kidneys in a 24-hour period?
500 mL
1.5 L
Functional study of the bladder and urethra by imaging the patient while voiding
VCUG
Which of the following is not an indication for an HSG?
1. Intrauterine pathology
2. Eval uterine tubes
3. Therapeutic
4. PID
PID i.e. pelvic inflammatory disease
Which of the following is true regarding retrograde urography?
1. The bladder and/or ureters must be catheterized
2. The exam provides little physiologic information.
3. Contrast is administered via bolus injection
All
If a patient experiences laryngeal swelling following a contrast media injection, he or she is experiencing a ____ level reaction.
Severe
Which of the following are considered contraindications for an IVU procedure?
1. Renal disease
2. Congestive heart failure
3. Nausea
1.2
Which procedure is performed by administering contrast intravenously and imaging the kidneys, ureters, and bladder with a series of timed exposures (also requires 30-degree obliques?)
Intravenous urography (IVU)
Urine will travel from the major calyces to the:
renal pelvis
It is considered acceptable to administer contrast intravenously to a patient with what eGFR lab value?
60 mL/min or greater
Where is the central ray centered for a nephrotomogram of the kidneys?
Midway between the iliac crest and the xiphoid process
What is the purpose of applying ureteric compression during an IVU?
Retain contrast in proximal ureters and kidneys
Which projection will best demonstrate the entire urethra when performing a voiding cystourethrogram on a male patient?
AP oblique
How long after contrast administration should a nephrogram be taken during IVU?
1 min
A normal creatinine level is _____ mg/100 mL.
0.6 to 1.5
A radiograph of a left posterior oblique (LPO) position taken during an IVU reveals that the right kidney is foreshortened and superimposed over the spine. What must the technologist do to correct this error during the repeat exposure?
Decrease rotation
Which projection eliminates superimposition of the bladder with the symphysis pubis during cystography?
AP axial; 10-15 degrees caudad