Islam
Sunni
The 'Abbasid Caliphate's capital city:
Baghdad
A monastic order whose motto is "Ora et Labora"
Benedictine Monks
Serfs were indebted workers to lords and worked on a ____________.
Manor
Prior to Islam, why was Mecca a notable city?
Trade center for Bedouins b/c of many religious shrines
The __________________ ruled from Istanbul and changed the name of the city from _______________. (2 answers)
Ottomans / Constantinople
Martin Luther expressed his grievances against the Catholic Church in this document.
Ninety-Five Theses
Mansa Musa / Cairo
Why were medieval European cities susceptible to fires?
Muhammad and the muhajirun were received by the ansar after the hegira to...(where?)
Medina
The title given to an advisor of the Caliph in the 'Abbasid period, name and title is derived from Persia.
Vizier
The hierarchy of clergy in Catholicism (5 positions)
Pope, Cardinal, Archbishop, Bishop, Priest
The name of the Saharan tribespeople who helped facilitate trade between Western Africa and the rest of the world:
Berbers
In exchange for lands, what did knights offer their leige lords?
Military service
The founder of the Umayyad Caliphate was named:
Mu'awiyah
Why was Baghdad chosen as a capital city? (2 reasons)
1. Good trade location (on Silk Road and Tigris/Euphrates) 2. Close to Persia and incorporated Persian influence into what had been an Arab faith/political movement
Why did many people across Europe come to embrace the message of Protestantism against the Catholic Church?
1) Corruption - bad popes, indulgences, absentee priests, sale of relics 2) Expenses of church - cathedrals, art, lavish expenditure by clergy
Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad were leaders of which sub-Saharan African empire?
Songhay
The most significant military innovation in feudal Europe:
stirrups
The Rashidun or "Rightly Guided Ones" were the first four Caliphs. What were their names?
Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali
The most notable mosque in Europe, featuring an intricate mihrab:
La Mesquita de Cordoba
This extremely corrupt Spanish pope was written about by Machiavelli and signed the Treaty of Tordesillas
Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia)
Why was salt a highly valued resource in the desert?
1) preserved food 2) electrolytes 3) flavor
Why were many major European cities built on the ruins of Roman cities?
1) Romans had picked ideal locations for cities for defensive purposes/high ground 2) Romans had built cities close to rivers or natural ports