Chemistry
Electrolytes
Movement
Disturbances
Assessment
100
Ongoing process of maintenance of the internal environment within very narrow limits.
What is homeostasis.
100
Anxiety, irritability, tetany can be caused by too little of this electrolyte in the body. Fractures can also be caused. Vitamin D is responsible for its aborption from the GI tract.
What is calcium (8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL normal value).
100
Diffusion of water through semipermeable membrane from region of higher to lower concentration. Only the water...not the dissolved substances...moves.
What is osmosis.
100
Increased concentratin of hydrogen ions (pH) & increased PaCO2. Usually related to some form of hypoventilation.
What is respiratory acidosis.
100
What nursing diagnosis related to fluid volume can be evidenced as increased pulse rate and weak pulse strength?
What is fluid volume deficit.
200
Atoms of same element that have different atomic weights.
What are isotopes.
200
This is the term for subnormal serum sodium level caused by either sodium deficit or water excess. Can be caused by prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, or gastric or intestinal suctioning. Sodium is the major electrolyte in extracellular fluid and regulates fluid balance through osmotic pressure.
What is hyponatremia (sodium level under normal value or 135-145 mEq/L).
200
Rupture of RBCs due to hemolysis occurs in what type of solution?
What is hypotonic.
200
Increased concentration of hydrogen ions or decrease in bicarb. Can be brought about by kidney disease.
What is metabolic acidosis.
200
Amount of fluid intake necessary to balance urinary output and body's insensible water loss.
What is 1500 mL.
300
Diminishes in older adults related to tissue loss.
What is body water.
300
Most of this electrolyte is found in intracellular fluid and also, in combination with calcium and phosphorus, in bone, muscle and soft tissue. Normal levels are 1.5-2.5 mEq/L. It has a close relationship with calcium and potassium in the intracellular fluid and is a mediator in neuromuscular activity.
What is magnesium.
300
Released by posterior pituitary and acts on distal tubule to reabsorb water.
What is ADH.
300
Caused by hyperventilation. Decreased hydrogen ion concentration and below normal PaCO2 level.
What is respiratory alkalosis.
300
A client with history of CHF and hypertension has the following objective assessment: pulmonary congestion on xray, decreased Hct and decreased Hgb and labored breathing at 30 breaths per minute. What is a potential nursing diagnosis related to fluid volume for him?
What is excess fluid volume.
400
After dissociation of a compound in water, this positively charged atom is created.
What is a cation.
400
The major electrolyte in intracellular fluid. Lack of can cause paralytic ileus, muscle weakness and EKG change. Too much can cause cardiac arrest (asysole) and abdominal cramping.
What is potassium (K+). Normal levels are 3.5-5.3 mEq/L.
400
Causes reabsorption of sodium in kidney, increasing water retention in extracellular fluid & thus increasing fluid volume.
What is aldosterone (produced in the adrenal cortex).
400
Excessive ingestion of antacids can cause this imbalance.
What is metabolic alkalosis.
400
Seepage of fluid into interstitial tissue if angiocath is dislodged from the vein.
What is infiltration.
500
Substances that attempt to maintain the pH range in the presence of added acids or bases. Primary types include bicarbonate, phosphate and protein.
What is a buffer system.
500
Major anion in extracellular fluid. Works in combination with sodium to maintain osmotic pressure. Too little can be a result of prolonged diarrhea or diaphoresis. Normal level is 95-108 mEq/L.
What is chloride. (FYI: Phosphate is the main intracellular anion with normal of 2.5-4.5 mg/dL. Most is found in combination with calcium in teeth and bones.)
500
Average fluid loss and gain within 24 hours?
What is 2600 mL (ballpark figure).
500
Ph is...
What is potential hydrogen concentration. "power of hydrogen
500
Major symptom of fluid volume excess?
What is edema.
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