Key Terms
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The force of the fluid pressing outward against a surface.
_______ typically have less water content than _______.
Women typically have less water content than men.
What is hyperkalemia?
General causes are increased potassium intake and absorption, shift of potassium from cells into the ECF, and decreased potassium output.
What are examples of trauma? (Give 3 examples)
Burns, head injuries, hemorrhage, or head injuries
Normal Sodium levels range
135-145 mEq/L
What is hypervolemia?
What type of fluid is D5 0.45NS in the bag?
Hypertonic.
What is the prevalent cation in the extracellular fluid(ECF)?
Sodium.
What are diuretics?
The use of these medications can increase the risk of electrolyte imbalances by promoting fluid loss.
What is the normal range for potassium?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What is diffusion?
The movement of solutes from a high concentration to a low concentration.
Define the following:
1. isotonic solution
2. hypotonic solution
1. a fluid with the same tonicity as normal blood
2. a solution more dilute than normal blood
what are some of the major electrolytes?
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium
What are bodily excretions that can cause a fluid and electrolyte imbalance?
Vomit, diarrhea, and excessive sweating
What is the normal range for calcium?
9-10.5 mg/dL
What are colloids and where are they found? Give an example.
Proteins that are larger than other molecules (like electrolytes and glucose that dissolve easily) and are too large to leave the capillaries.
They remain in the blood.
Example: albumin
The osmolality imbalances are called?
Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia.
What two electrolyte imbalances show a positive Chvostek sign as a symptom?
Hypocalcemia and Hypomagnesemia.
Damage to the _______ can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
Kidneys
What is the normal range for chloride levels?
95-105 mEq/L
What is hypernatremia?
What are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?
High sodium levels in the blood.
Low grade fever, irritability, increased fluid retention, high blood pressure, decreased urinary output.
A measure of the number of particles per kilogram of water is called?
Osmolality
Which electrolyte imbalance causes flattened or inverted T-waves?
Hypokalemia?
Name two conditions that can cause a fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
Diabetes, heart failure, fever, cirrhosis, eating disorders, or kidney disease.
What is a normal phosphate range?
2.5-3.5 mg/dL