Causes
Hyperparathyroidism can lead to hypo or hypercalcemia?
hypocalcemia
Sodium and Potassium have what kind of relationship?
Inverse
When Sodium goes up, Potassium goes down
which type of fluids would we treat hypernatremia with?
hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic?
hypotonic
What should the nurse monitor closely in a patient with a potassium imbalance?
Monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias
Potassium
treat the cause, protect the HEART
Spironolactone can cause hyper or hypokalemia?
hyperkalemia.
spironolactone is a potassium SPARING diuretic. Monitor for hyperkalemia.
Calcium and phosphorus have what kind of relationship?
An inverse relationship
What type of fluid would we use to treat fluid volume overload?
hypertonic fluid
When correcting hypocalcemia, which PO vitamin can be given to increase calcium absorption?
Vit D
Na+
treat the cause, protect the BRAIN
Your patient is taking furosemide. What electrolyte imbalance should you monitor them for?
Hypokalemia
Magnesium and Calcium have what kind of relationship?
direct relationship
What type of fluid would we give to treat Hypercalcemia?
0.9% NaCl (Isotonic)
helps get kidneys to excrete more calcium
Which protein is essential for maintaining oncotic pressure in the vascular system?
Albumin
IV Albumin is in a glass bottle and must be vented when given
treat the cause, monitor the HEART & MUSCLES
In a patient with burns, would you expect hyper or hypokalemia?
hyperkalemia
This is because when the tissue is damaged and the cells are destroyed, they release their potassium
Magnesium and Potassium have what kind of relationship?
Direct/similar
What type of fluids to give for hyponatremia
Diabetes causes hyper or hypernatremia?
hypernatremia
Chloride
Phosphorus
treat the cause and evaluate other LABS (when either chloride or phosphorus is out of balance, it is rarely the only electrolyte out of balance)
Chloride has direct relationship with Na+ and inverse relationship with bicarb
Phos inversely related to calcium
Will steroids cause hyper or hyponatremia?
Hypernatremia
because steroids cause the kidneys to retain sodium
Magnesium and Phosphorus have what type of relationship?
Inverse
When magnesium goes down, phosphorus goes up
We should correct sodium imbalances slowly due to what risks?
replace sodium slowly in hyponatremia to avoid fluid overload and possible neuro damage from over-correction of hyponatremia
Bring down sodium levels slowly in patients with hypernatremia due to risk of seizures
What anticoagulant can cause impaired renal excretion of Potassium?
Heparin
keep an eye on potassium levels
Magnesium
Mg: treat the cause, protect the HEART, replace magnesium before treating hypokalemia (so our bodies can retain the potassium)