IV Fluid Replacement
Contain fluid and electrolytes and freely cross capillary walls. Contain no proteins. Used for short term maintenance
What is a crystalloid solution?
Primary cation inside the cells. Normal concentration 3.5-5.5 mEq/L
What is Potassium normal lab values?
IV or PO Potassium Replacement.
What is the treatment for hypokalemia?
fluid/volume status. i.e: daily weights, intake and output.
what should the nurse monitor in a patient with hyponatremia?
Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit, urine specific gravity greater than 1.030, increased sodium, BUN, creatinine.
Contain protein or other large molecular substances which increase osmolarity w/o dissolving in the solution. Stay w/i the intravascular compartment so they are plasma expanders.
i.e: albumin 25%, hetastarch
What is a colloid solution?
<125 mEq/L
What is hyponatremia?
ECG Changes that lead to lethal arrhythmias
What is the most dangerous side effect of hypo/hyperkalemia?
bacon, lunch meat, decaf coffee, ham, soda crackers.
What are some sodium rich foods?
The diagnosis for a patient with fluid volume excess?
What is Fluid Overload/Circulatory overload?
primarily used for hydration and to expand ECF volume, because the fluid remains in the intravascular space.
i.e: LR, 0.9% NaCl, 5% dextrose in Water
What is an isotonic solution?
8.6-10.2 g/dL
What is the normal lab value for Calcium?
How is potassium movement regulated?
Via the sodium potasium pump
derangements in sodium cause ecg changes and ______?
Changes in muscle excitability.
heart rate, blood pressure, mental status
What are the vital signs affected by volume status?
exert less osmotic pressure than ECF, which allows water to move into the cell.
i.e: 0.45% NaCl
What is a hypotonic solution?
the normal value for magnesium
what is 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L?
IV Sodium Bicarbonate, IV Calcium gluconate, Insulin and Glucose.
PO Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (Kayexalate)
What is the treatment for HYPERKALEMIA?
cerebral edema, altered mental status, confusion, and seizure.
What are late stage symptoms of hyponatremia?
A drop in blood pressure that occurs when moving from a laying down to standing position?
What is orthostatic hypotension?
exert greater osmotic pressure than ECF, resulting in a higher solute concentration than the serum. Pull water from the tissues to the ECF and cause cell shrinkage.
3% NaCl, 5% dextrose in 0.45 NaCl, 10% dextrose in water
What is a hypertonic solution?
the normal value for urine specific gravity.
what is 1.005 to 1.030 g/ml?
ACE inhibitors, Digoxin, Beta-adrenergic blockers.
What are drugs that cause hyperkalemia
an uncommon disorder characterized by hypernatremia, extreme thirst, and polyuria.
What is diabetes insipidus?
Monitor and record vital signs, daily weights, record intake and output.