States of Matter
This theory states that all matter is made of tiny particles that are always moving.
What is the Particle Theory of Matter?
This term describes a fluid's "thickness" or its resistance to flowing.
What is viscosity?
This is the amount of mass contained in a specific volume.
What is density?
This is the amount of force applied over a specific area.
What is pressure?
These systems use pressurized liquids to do work.
What are hydraulic systems?
This state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape, allowing it to flow.
What is a liquid?
If a fluid takes 10 seconds to travel 20 cm, you are measuring this.
What is flow rate?
This upward force exerted by a fluid opposes the force of gravity.
What is buoyancy?
This state of matter is highly compressible because there is lots of space between particles.
What is a gas?
These systems use pressurized gases (usually air) to do work.
What are pneumatic systems?
These two states of matter are both considered "fluids" because they can flow.
What are liquids and gases?
Adding heat to a liquid usually causes its viscosity to do this.
What is decrease (it becomes thinner)?
If an object's density is less than the fluid it is in, it will do this.
What is float?
This principle states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
What is Pascal's Law?
A dental chair or a car lift is a common example of this type of fluid system.
What is a hydraulic system?
According to Particle Theory, this is what happens to the attraction between particles as they move further apart (e.g., when a liquid turns into a gas).
What is the attraction decreases (becomes weaker)?
This force between particles in a fluid creates internal friction, affecting viscosity.
What is cohesion?
This principle states that the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
What is Archimedes' Principle?
Because the particles in water are already very close together, water is considered to be this.
What is incompressible (or nearly incompressible)?
This component in a fluid system is used to control the flow of the fluid to one direction.
What is a valve?
This is the change of state directly from a solid to a gas, skipping the liquid phase.
What is sublimation?
Unlike liquids, heating a gas actually causes its viscosity to do this.
What is increase (particles collide more)?
To calculate density, you use this mathematical formula.
What is D= M/V ?
This is the reason why a hydraulic system (using water/oil) is better for lifting heavy loads than a pneumatic system (using air).
What is liquids do not compress (so they transmit force directly)?
This biological "pump" is the center of the human hydraulic (circulatory) system.
What is the heart?