Fluids
What happens if you pour fluid into a container?
It takes the shape of the container.
Does honey have a high or low viscosity?
High viscosity (flows slowly)
What are the three states of matter?
100 bonus points if you can name another one.
Solids, liquids, gases, and (bonus!) plasma.
What kind of fluid is used in pneumatic systems, air or liquid?
Air.
In which direction does buoyancy press objects in a liquid?
Upwards.
Out of solids, liquids and gases, which are fluids?
Liquids and gases.
What is viscosity?
A fluid's resistance to flow. (How thick or runny it is.)
Name the states of matter in order from most to least dense.
Which transfers force better (more efficiently), hydraulic systems or pneumatic systems?
Bonus 100 points if you can tell me about an experiment we did that proves it.
Hydraulic systems.
What happens to the amount of pressure a force exerts when you spread it out across a bigger surface area?
The pressure is reduced when you increase surface area.
What are the three properties of fluids?
They flow, they spread out evenly when poured, and they exert pressure.
How does temperature affect viscosity?
The higher the temperature, the lower the viscosity.
What can we add or take away to change the state of matter?
Energy
Give one real-life example of a pneumatic system and one real-life example of a hydraulic system you'd find in your daily life.
Pneumatic systems: Your lungs, bicycle pumps, nail guns, spray bottles, excavator arms, spider legs...
Hydraulic systems: a car brake, an eyedropper, a carjack, your heart...
Why is gas more compressible than liquid?
100 bonus points: describe an experiment we did that proved it.
Gas has larger spaces between its particles, which leaves room for them to be squeezed together.
What are the two most common fluids on Earth?
Air and water.
What kind of experiment can we do to measure viscosity?
Use a ramp and see how fast it reaches the bottom. You can also do something like drop something heavy into cups of each fluid and see how long it takes to reach the bottom.
If we add heat, what happens to particles?
They have more energy and move faster and farther apart.
Name one advantage of using a pneumatic system and one advantage of using a hydraulic system.
Pneumatics: lightweight, no messy liquids to clean up, air is free and readily available, good for speed...
Hydraulics: transfer force more efficiently, good for repetitive motions and tasks
What are two factors could you change to increase pressure inside a container.
Increase volume, heat, or the amount of fluid (without letting any escape).
Does a fluid's volume change if you pour it onto the floor?
No, it always has the same volume.
Why do fluids have different viscosities? Name at least one reason.
The strength of attraction between the particles (how much the particles like to stick together), their temperature (how much energy they have)), and the chemical composition of the fluid.
What is the standard state of matter?
The state it's in at room temperature.
Would it be better to use hydraulics or pneumatics to build a car lift? Explain why.
Hydraulics, because the transfer of force would be more efficient.
Explain how Archimedes' Principle can help us measure the density of unusually-shaped objects.
By submerging something in water, we can find its volume by the amount of water that is displaced.