Breast Cancer
Most guidelines do not recommend breast cancer screening for people under 40, unless they are in high-risk groups, such as people with high-risk mutations in this gene.
What is BRCA?
The US Preventative Services Task Force recommends beginning cervical cancer screening at this age
What is 21 years old?
Early onset of intercourse, a greater number of lifetime sexual partners, DES exposure, cigarette smoking, and immunosuppression. These are the risk factors for what type of cancer?
What is cervical cancer?
Weight bearing physical activity can reduce the risk of developing this condition.
What is osteoporosis?
A good breast exam consists of these two components
What are visual inspection and palpation?
The American Cancer Society recommends breast cancer screening as early as this age in patients who prefer to start screening earlier.
What is 40 years of age?
Virtually all cases of cervical cancer are caused by these viruses.
What are high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV)?
Having a family history of breast cancer in this type of relative increases your risk for breast cancer.
What is a first degree relative?
This vaccine is recommended for adults who smoke, have chronic heart/lung/liver disease, DM, or AUD.
What is the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23)
This type of pattern should be used for the palpation portion of a breast exam.
What is a vertical pattern?
The US Preventative Services Task Force recommends breast cancer for patients in this age range.
What is 50-74?
The pap test is considered an exemplar screening test for this reason.
It is relatively inexpensive, easy to perform, and acceptable to patients.
This health relate behavior is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis.
What is cigarette smoking?
Although the USPSTF currently recommends against calcium and vitamin D supplementation for preventing osteoporosis in community-dwelling postmenopausal women, consuming this type of food/drink can be recommended.
What is dairy?
During a speculum exam, the speculum should be inserted at this angle.
What is a 45 degree angle?
In 2015, the ACS (but not the USPSTF) began recommending that physicians do not perform this type of exam in asymptomatic patients.
What is a clinical breast exam?
Liquid based Pap tests are preferable over conventional Pap tests for this reason.
They can also be tested for HPV if the Pap comes back abnormal
400 Obesity is a risk factor for this type of cancer in postmenopausal people.
What is breast cancer?
Individuals with an elevated BMI are at greater risk for developing these conditions (name any).
What are HTN, CAD, CVA, osteoarthritis, type 2 DM, and some cancers?
Breast lumps with these characteristics carry a higher risk for malignancy.
What are hard, immobile, irregular, and 2cm or larger.
The American Cancer Society and the US Preventative Services Task Force recommend against teaching patients to perform this type of exam.
What is a breast self-exam?
In patients aged 30-65, the US Preventative Services Task Force recommends using any of these three approaches to screen for cervical cancer.
What are high risk HPV testing every five years, co-testing (high risk HPV and cytology) every five years, or cytology every three years?
Early menopause and late menarche decrease the risk of developing this type of cancer.
What is breast cancer?
The USPSTF does not recommend screening asymptomatic patients for these two types of cancer
What are ovarian cancer and skin cancer?
A common method for performing a pap smear uses these two instruments.
What are a spatula (to sample the ectocervix and cytobrush (to sample the os)?