Forefoot
This deformity is characterized by lateral deviation of the hallux and medial deviation of the first metatarsal.
What is hallux valgus (bunion)?
This injury involves the tarsometatarsal joints and is often associated with disruption between the medial cuneiform and second metatarsal base.
What is a Lisfranc injury?
This major joint is formed by the tibia, fibula, and talus.
What is the ankle joint / tibiotalar joint?
This orthobiologic is derived from a patient’s own blood and contains a higher concentration of platelets than baseline blood.
What is PRP / platelet-rich plasma?
This type of plate is used to protect a fracture or fusion site after compression has already been achieved.
What is a neutralization plate?
This lesser toe deformity typically has PIPJ flexion and may be associated with MTPJ imbalance.
What is a hammertoe?
The midfoot is important because it helps provide this function during gait between the hindfoot and forefoot.
What is stability and transfer of force / arch support / lever arm function?
Name the three ligaments of the lateral ankle ligament complex.
What are the ATFL, CFL, and PTFL?
This biologic therapy concentrates anti-inflammatory proteins such as A2M and IL-1Ra.
What is protein concentrate (PC)?
A lag screw is commonly used to create this across a fracture or fusion site, typically by overdrilling the near cortex and engaging the far cortex.
What is compression?
In hallux rigidus, this joint is affected by progressive arthritis and loss of dorsiflexion.
What is the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MPJ)?
This procedure is commonly performed for painful midfoot arthritis when nonoperative treatment has failed.
What is midfoot arthrodesis / midfoot fusion?
In ankle fractures, widening of the medial clear space suggests injury to this stabilizing structure.
What is the deltoid ligament?
These are the three classic bone graft properties often discussed in orthobiologics and graft science.
What are osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic?
A locking plate differs from a nonlocking plate because stability comes from this relationship.
What is the screw locking into the plate to create a fixed-angle construct?
This procedure is commonly used for severe bunion deformity or first ray instability by fusing the first tarsometatarsal joint.
What is a Lapidus procedure?
In a displaced Lisfranc injury, two major operative strategies often debated are these.
What are ORIF and primary arthrodesis?
This ankle fracture pattern usually requires operative fixation because both the medial and lateral sides are injured.
What is a bimalleolar ankle fracture?
These are the key cells in bone marrow aspirate that are often discussed for their ability to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and other connective tissues.
What are mesenchymal stem cells / mesenchymal signaling cells?
These are the two major surgical options for end-stage ankle arthritis.
What are total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle arthrodesis?
DAILY DOUBLE
Name 3 possible complications of bunion surgery.
This radiographic sign on AP foot imaging suggests Lisfranc instability.
What is diastasis / Lisfranc widening / increased space between C1 and M2 / fleck sign?
A high ankle sprain refers to injury of this structure, and the two main surgical fixation options are these.
What is the syndesmosis, and what are syndesmotic screws and suture button fixation (TightRope)?
Name the 4 phases of wound healing.
What are hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling?
DAILY DOUBLE
Recite the 4 AO principles.