What do these muscles do?
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
Plantar flex the foot
Locating pain under the foot by applying pressure, tells you how much of the area is affected
Plantar Fasciitis Test
Gastrocnemius
Extrinsic
All arches include this
at least 1 metatarsal bone
Large bony protrusions on either side of the ankle
Malleoli
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsally flexes foot
Tests the integrity of the calcaneofibular ligament by inverting the foot. The test is positive if the talus moves out from the lateral malleolus.
Talar Tilt Test
Plantar flexors
Intrinsic
The highest and most important arch
Medial Longitudinal Arch
How many bones does each foot have?
26- 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, and 14 phalanges
Flexor Hallucis Brevis and Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flex big toe
Gently squeezing the calf muscle. The test is positive if the foot have no reaction. This mean the Achilles tendon may be torn.
Thompson Test
muscle that relates to a specific body part or bone
Intrinsic (mostly moves the toes)
Includes cuboid, cuneiforms, and fifth metatarsal
Transverse Arch
Joint found between the tibia, fibula, and talus
Talocrural Joint
Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis
Evert the foot
Tests the integrity of the anterior talofibular ligament by pulling up from the heel while stabilizing the ankle with the other hand. The test is positive if there is forward movement, meaning the ligament may be torn.
Anterior Drawer Test
muscle that is outside a body part, organ or bone
Extrinsic (works in plantar or dorsiflexion or inversion and eversion)
Includes the 4th and 5th metatarsals, the talus, calcaneus, and cuboid
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Joint found between the talus and calcaneus
Subtalar Joint
Abductor Hallusics
Abducts and flexes big toe
Tests for tarsal tunnel by tapping the tibial nerve. The test is positive if there is radiating pain.
Tinel's Sign
Tibialis Posterior
Extrinsic
Includes the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd metatarsal, the cuneiforms, navicular, talus and calcaneus
Medial Longitudinal Arch
On the medial aspect this ligament is most commonly injured
Deltoid Ligament