Vocabulary
A harmless pill with no active ingredient, often used in clinical trials.
Placebo
“Antibiotics can cure the common cold.”
False – Colds are caused by viruses, not bacteria.
“Ear candling removes toxins from your body.”
Snake Oil – No evidence; residue comes from the candle itself.
“If you don’t drink enough water, you may suffer from __________.”
dehydration
What is the placebo effect?
The improvement of symptoms caused by belief in a treatment that has no active medical ingredient.
The verb meaning to wash your throat with liquid, often salt water.
gargle
“Honey has natural antibacterial properties.”
True – It contains hydrogen peroxide and has been used for wounds.
“Garlic can help lower blood pressure slightly.”
Science – Some studies show modest effects.
“Your body’s defence against disease is called the __________.”
immune system
Name one factor that makes the placebo effect stronger.
(any of:) Patient expectation, doctor’s enthusiasm, ritual of treatment, cultural beliefs.
The thick liquid produced in your nose and throat when you have a cold.
Mucus
“Sweating out a fever is a safe and effective treatment.”
False – It can lead to dehydration and does not cure the infection.
“Homeopathy can cure cancer.”
Snake Oil – No scientific evidence; dangerous if used instead of real treatment.
“Instead of taking medicine for a mild cold, it’s often better to let it __________.”
run its course
In the article, what example shows the placebo effect varying by culture?
Acupuncture works better in China (where it is widely respected) than in Western countries.
The phrase meaning to take pills frequently and unnecessarily.
Pop pills
“The placebo effect is ‘all in your mind’ but can produce real physical changes.”
True – Belief can trigger real physiological responses.
“Chicken soup has anti‑inflammatory properties.”
Science – Research shows it can reduce inflammation.
“The company was sued for making __________ about their ‘miracle’ supplement.”
false claims
Why is the placebo effect a problem for testing new drugs?
Because a new drug must work better than a placebo to prove it is effective.
Drugs that kill bacteria, but are useless against viruses.
“Vitamin C in large doses can prevent the common cold.”
False – It may slightly shorten duration but does not prevent.
“Acupuncture works better in China than in Western countries.”
Science / Placebo – Likely due to belief and expectation (placebo effect), not just the needles.
“Ibuprofen is a common __________ drug that reduces swelling and pain.”
anti‑inflammatory
Can the placebo effect work even if the patient knows they are taking a placebo?
Yes – studies have shown that open‑label placebos can still have an effect.